Ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic complications of obstructive sleep apnoea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder. Untreated OSA has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, sudden cardiac death, respiratory failure, cor pulmonale, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Less is discussed about the ocular complications of OSA. Ophthalmic complications of obstructive sleep apnoea can include floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, central serous chorioretinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension may be neuro-ophthalmic complications of OSA. Further research is required to evaluate whether treatment of OSA can improve or reverse these disorders.