@article{105e0ae89fb14c829dc2189345e52654,
title = "Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs",
abstract = "Gravitational wave (GW) events detectable by LIGO and Virgo have several possible progenitors, including black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, black hole–neutron star mergers, supernovae, and cosmic string cusps. A subset of GW events is expected to produce electromagnetic (EM) emission that, once detected, will provide complementary information about their astrophysical context. To that end, the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sends GW candidate alerts to the astronomical community so that searches for their EM counterparts can be pursued. The DESGW group, consisting of members of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the LVC, and other members of the astronomical community, uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to perform a search and discovery program for optical signatures of LVC GW events. DESGW aims to use a sample of GW events as standard sirens for cosmology. Due to the short decay timescale of the expected EM counterparts and the need to quickly eliminate survey areas with no counterpart candidates, it is critical to complete the initial analysis of each night's images as quickly as possible. We discuss our search area determination, imaging pipeline, and candidate selection processes. We review results from the DESGW program during the first two LIGO–Virgo observing campaigns and introduce other science applications that our pipeline enables.",
keywords = "Gravitational waves, Grid computing, Software and its engineering software infrastructure",
author = "K. Herner and J. Annis and D. Brout and M. Soares-Santos and R. Kessler and M. Sako and R. Butler and Z. Doctor and A. Palmese and S. Allam and Tucker, {D. L.} and F. Sobreira and B. Yanny and Diehl, {H. T.} and J. Frieman and N. Glaeser and A. Garcia and Sherman, {N. F.} and K. Bechtol and E. Berger and Chen, {H. Y.} and Conselice, {C. J.} and E. Cook and Cowperthwaite, {P. S.} and Davis, {T. M.} and A. Drlica-Wagner and B. Farr and D. Finley and Foley, {R. J.} and J. Garcia-Bellido and Gill, {M. S.S.} and Gruendl, {R. A.} and Holz, {D. E.} and N. Kuropatkin and H. Lin and J. Marriner and Marshall, {J. L.} and T. Matheson and E. Neilsen and F. Paz-Chinch{\'o}n and M. Sauseda and D. Scolnic and Williams, {P. K.G.} and S. Avila and E. Bertin and E. Buckley-Geer and Burke, {D. L.} and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and M. Carrasco-Kind and J. Carretero and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and {De Vicente}, J. and S. Desai and P. Doel and Eifler, {T. F.} and S. Everett and P. Fosalba and E. Gaztanaga and Gerdes, {D. W.} and J. Gschwend and G. Gutierrez and Hartley, {W. G.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and E. Krause and K. Kuehn and O. Lahav and Li, {T. S.} and M. Lima and Maia, {M. A.G.} and M. March and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and Plazas, {A. A.} and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and M. Schubnell and S. Serrano and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and E. Suchyta and G. Tarle and W. Wester and Y. Zhang",
note = "Funding Information: This research uses services or data provided by the NOAO Science Archive. NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Funding Information: Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the DOE and NSF, MEC/MICINN/MINECO (Spain), STFC, HEFCE, NCSA (UIUC), KICP (U. Chicago), CCAPP (Ohio State), MIFPA (Texas A&M), CNPQ, FAPERJ, FINEP, DFG and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne Lab, UC Santa Cruz, University of Cambridge, CIEMAT-Madrid, University of Chicago, University College London, DES-Brazil Consortium, University of Edinburgh, ETH Z?rich, Fermilab, University of Illinois, ICE (IEEC-CSIC), IFAE Barcelona, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LMU M?nchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, University of Michigan, NOAO, University of Nottingham, Ohio State University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Lab, Stanford University, University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES Data Management System is supported by the NSF under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-88861, FPA2015-68048, and Centro de ExcelenciaSEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597 and MDM-2015-0509. Research leading to these results has received funding from the ERC under the EU's 7th Framework Programme including grants ERC 240672, 291329 and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. This research uses services or data provided by the NOAO Science Archive. NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Funding Information: Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the DOE and NSF , MEC/MICINN/MINECO (Spain) , STFC , HEFCE , NCSA (UIUC) , KICP (U. Chicago) , CCAPP (Ohio State) , MIFPA (Texas A&M) , CNPQ , FAPERJ , FINEP , DFG and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey . Funding Information: The DES Data Management System is supported by the NSF under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171 . The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825 , ESP2015-88861 , FPA2015-68048 , and Centro de Excelencia SEV-2016-0588 , SEV-2016-0597 and MDM-2015-0509 . Research leading to these results has received funding from the ERC under the EU{\textquoteright}s 7th Framework Programme including grants ERC 240672 , 291329 and 306478 . We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) , through project number CE110001020 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "33",
journal = "Astronomy and Computing",
issn = "2213-1337",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}