TY - GEN
T1 - Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan
T2 - 23rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc 2022
AU - Kohli, Manav
AU - Adhikari, Abhishek
AU - Avci, Gulnur
AU - Brent, Sienna
AU - Moser, Jared
AU - Hossain, Sabbir
AU - Dash, Aditya
AU - Kadota, Igor
AU - Feick, Rodolfo
AU - Chizhik, Dmitry
AU - Du, Jinfeng
AU - Valenzuela, Reinaldo A.
AU - Zussman, Gil
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick's work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144.We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers' College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick’s work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144. We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers’ College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 ACM.
PY - 2022/10/3
Y1 - 2022/10/3
N2 - Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.
AB - Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.
KW - 28 GHz
KW - channel measurements
KW - indoor coverage
KW - material dependence
KW - millimeter-wave
KW - path gain models
KW - signal-to-noise ratio
KW - urban
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139681083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85139681083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/3492866.3549728
DO - 10.1145/3492866.3549728
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85139681083
T3 - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)
SP - 201
EP - 210
BT - MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
Y2 - 17 October 2022 through 20 October 2022
ER -