Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage

Manav Kohli; Abhishek Adhikari; Gulnur Avci; Sienna Brent; Jared Moser; Sabbir Hossain; Aditya Dash; Igor Kadota; Rodolfo Feick; Dmitry Chizhik; Jinfeng Du; Reinaldo A. Valenzuela; Gil Zussman

doi:10.1145/3492866.3549728

Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage

Manav Kohli, Abhishek Adhikari, Gulnur Avci, Sienna Brent, Jared Moser, Sabbir Hossain, Aditya Dash, Igor Kadota, Rodolfo Feick, Dmitry Chizhik, Jinfeng Du, Reinaldo A. Valenzuela, Gil Zussman

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery
Pages	201-210
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Electronic)	9781450391658
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3492866.3549728
State	Published - Oct 3 2022
Event	23rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc 2022 - Seoul, Korea, Republic of Duration: Oct 17 2022 → Oct 20 2022

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)

Conference

Conference	23rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc 2022
Country/Territory	Korea, Republic of
City	Seoul
Period	10/17/22 → 10/20/22

Funding

This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick's work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144.We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers' College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions. This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick’s work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144. We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers’ College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions.

Keywords

28 GHz
channel measurements
indoor coverage
material dependence
millimeter-wave
path gain models
signal-to-noise ratio
urban

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Hardware and Architecture
Computer Networks and Communications
Software

Access to Document

10.1145/3492866.3549728

Cite this

Kohli, M., Adhikari, A., Avci, G., Brent, S., Moser, J., Hossain, S., Dash, A., Kadota, I., Feick, R., Chizhik, D., Du, J., Valenzuela, R. A., & Zussman, G. (2022). Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage. In MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing (pp. 201-210). (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3492866.3549728

Kohli, Manav ; Adhikari, Abhishek ; Avci, Gulnur et al. / Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan : Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage. MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. pp. 201-210 (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)).

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title = "Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage",

abstract = "Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.",

keywords = "28 GHz, channel measurements, indoor coverage, material dependence, millimeter-wave, path gain models, signal-to-noise ratio, urban",

author = "Manav Kohli and Abhishek Adhikari and Gulnur Avci and Sienna Brent and Jared Moser and Sabbir Hossain and Aditya Dash and Igor Kadota and Rodolfo Feick and Dmitry Chizhik and Jinfeng Du and Valenzuela, {Reinaldo A.} and Gil Zussman",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick's work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144.We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers' College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions. Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF grants CNS-1827923, CNS-2148128, OAC-2029295, and EEC-2133516, and NSF-BSF grant CNS-1910757. Rodolfo Feick{\textquoteright}s work is supported by Chilean Research Agency grants PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID/REDES 180144. We thank Angel Daniel Estigarribia, Zixiang Zheng, Carson Garland, and Shivan Mukherjee for their help with the measurements. We thank Basil Masood, Taylor Riccio, Jennifer Govan, and Barbara Han for their support during the measurement campaigns at Hamilton Grange, Miller Theatre, Teachers{\textquoteright} College, and Jerome L. Greene. We thank Tingjun Chen for his helpful suggestions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 ACM.; 23rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc 2022 ; Conference date: 17-10-2022 Through 20-10-2022",

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Kohli, M, Adhikari, A, Avci, G, Brent, S, Moser, J, Hossain, S, Dash, A, Kadota, I, Feick, R, Chizhik, D, Du, J, Valenzuela, RA & Zussman, G 2022, Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage. in MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 201-210, 23rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc 2022, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 10/17/22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3492866.3549728

Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage. / Kohli, Manav; Adhikari, Abhishek; Avci, Gulnur et al.
MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. p. 201-210 (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

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N2 - Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.

AB - Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,000 link measurements in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. A path loss model constructed over all links shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m. We find the type of glass to be the dominant factor in OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between clustered scenarios with low- and high-loss glass. Other factors, such as difference in floor height, are found to have an impact between 5 - 10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI data rates up to 400 Mb/s are supported for 90% of indoor users by a base station (BS) up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.8/1.4 Gb/s are possible from a BS 68/175 m away when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of OtI mmWave networks in dense urban environments and the development of scheduling and beam management algorithms.

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Kohli M, Adhikari A, Avci G, Brent S, Moser J, Hossain S et al. Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage. In MobiHoc 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 23rd International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing. Association for Computing Machinery. 2022. p. 201-210. (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)). doi: 10.1145/3492866.3549728

Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Location Impacts, and 90% Coverage

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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