Over two centuries: Black people in nineteenth-century Hawaiʻi

This article charts the history of Black people in nineteenth-century Hawaiʻi, an Indigenous and non-White society that prohibited slavery. Far from the Black Atlantic, African-descended people in the Pacific found acceptance and refuge. Since the late 1700s, Black mariners and notable figures–including former slaves from the US as well as Cape Verdeans–arrived in a non-slave society which was in the process of adopting race. Largely unrecognized, they worked in concert with Native Hawaiians–as spouses, educators, attorneys, and advisors to the monarchs–to influence and resist the development of American racial ideologies. Combining Hawaiian language sources, missionary journals, and ship logs with the scant existing historiography, this article accounts for Black people in the Hawaiian Islands during its tumultuous shift from an independent nation to a US Territory–a period and people neglected in twentieth-century scholarship on the Black Pacific.