Paramilitarization of the economy: The case of Iran's Basij militia

The Basij, a massive Iranian paramilitary organization, has played a crucial role in the country's politics, economy, and society at large for the past two decades. While the Basij's increased formal involvement in the Iranian economy was initially meant to guarantee the welfare of its personnel, the Basij has since extended its influence to every sector of the economy, from construction and real estate to the stock market. The expansion of its economic activity has enhanced the Basij's control over society and its influence on domestic politics. This article investigates the history, justifications, and consequences of Basij engagement in business and the economy in postrevolutionary Iran.