TY - JOUR
T1 - Particle analogs of electrons in colloidal crystals
AU - Girard, Martin
AU - Wang, Shunzhi
AU - Du, Jingshan S.
AU - Das, Anindita
AU - Huang, Ziyin
AU - Dravid, Vinayak P
AU - Lee, Byeongdu
AU - Mirkin, Chad A
AU - Olvera de la Cruz, M
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank H. Lopez-Rios [Northwestern University (NU)] and M. G. Kanatzidis (NU) for helpful discussions, A. M. Geller (NU) for rendering the Boltzmann volume data, E. W. Roth (NU) for ultramicrotomy, and J. Remis (NU) for cryo-TEM tomography. This material is based on work supported by the Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science (CBES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0000989, for computational studies), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-17-1-0348, for synthesis, spectroscopy, and electron microscopy), the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship program sponsored by the Basic Research Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and funded by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-15-1-0043), the Sherman Fairchild Foundation (for electron microscopy and computational support), and the Biotechnology Training Program of NU (for cryo-TEM). This work made use of facilities at the NUANCE Center at NU (NSF ECCS-1542205 and NSF DMR-1720139), the Structural Biology Facility at NU (NCI CCSG P30 CA060553), and the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) Sector 5 (DOE DE-AC02-06CH11357)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - A versatile method for the design of colloidal crystals involves the use of DNA as a particle-directing ligand. With such systems, DNA-nanoparticle conjugates are considered programmable atom equivalents (PAEs), and design rules have been devised to engineer crystallization outcomes. This work shows that when reduced in size and DNA grafting density, PAEs behave as electron equivalents (EEs), roaming through and stabilizing the lattices defined by larger PAEs, as electrons do in metals in the classical picture. This discovery defines a new property of colloidal crystals—metallicity—that is characterized by the extent of EE delocalization and diffusion. As the number of strands increases or the temperature decreases, the EEs localize, which is structurally reminiscent of a metal-insulator transition. Colloidal crystal metallicity, therefore, provides new routes to metallic, intermetallic, and compound phases.
AB - A versatile method for the design of colloidal crystals involves the use of DNA as a particle-directing ligand. With such systems, DNA-nanoparticle conjugates are considered programmable atom equivalents (PAEs), and design rules have been devised to engineer crystallization outcomes. This work shows that when reduced in size and DNA grafting density, PAEs behave as electron equivalents (EEs), roaming through and stabilizing the lattices defined by larger PAEs, as electrons do in metals in the classical picture. This discovery defines a new property of colloidal crystals—metallicity—that is characterized by the extent of EE delocalization and diffusion. As the number of strands increases or the temperature decreases, the EEs localize, which is structurally reminiscent of a metal-insulator transition. Colloidal crystal metallicity, therefore, provides new routes to metallic, intermetallic, and compound phases.
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U2 - 10.1126/science.aaw8237
DO - 10.1126/science.aaw8237
M3 - Article
C2 - 31221857
AN - SCOPUS:85068183162
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 364
SP - 1174
EP - 1178
JO - Science
JF - Science
IS - 6446
ER -