Patient training for functional use of pattern recognition-controlled prostheses

Pattern recognition control systems have the potential to provide better, more reliable myoelectric prosthesis control for individuals with an upper limb amputation. However, proper patient training is essential. We begin user training by teaching the concepts of pattern recognition control and progress to teaching how to control, use, and maintain prostheses with one or many degrees of freedom. Here, we describe the training stages, with relevant case studies, and highlight several tools that can be used throughout the training process, including prosthesis-guided training-a self-initiated, simple method of recalibrating a pattern recognition-controlled prosthesis. Prosthesis-guided training may lengthen functional use times, potentially increasing prosthesis wear time. Using this training approach, we anticipate advancing pattern recognition control from the laboratory to the home environment and, finally, realizing the full potential of these control systems.