Pediatric hypertension

The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension in children and adolescents has increased over the past decade. This trend is most likely related to increases in primary hypertension associated with increasing obesity rates in children. Lifestyle as well as genetics play a significant role in the development of primary hypertension. Hypertension in children and adolescents is under-recognized and undertreated. The 2017 Revised Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents aimed to create new normative blood pressure tables using data from healthy weight children, meaning between the 5th and 85th percentile per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Another important objective was to simplify normative data to ease screening and detection of elevated blood pressures. The consequences of chronic hypertension are significant, with its major affect being in poor cardiovascular health outcomes both in childhood and early adulthood. Challenges to detection and adequate treatment should be overcome with continued education and awareness to prevent the long-term effects of uncon-trolled hypertension that starts in childhood.