Performance enhancement of lead-free tin- based perovskite solar cells with reducing atmosphere-assisted dispersible additive

Tze Bin Song; Takamichi Yokoyama; Shinji Aramaki; Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00171

Performance enhancement of lead-free tin- based perovskite solar cells with reducing atmosphere-assisted dispersible additive

Tze Bin Song, Takamichi Yokoyama, Shinji Aramaki, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

305 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sn-based halide perovskite materials have attracted tremendous attention and have been employed successfully in solar cells. However, their high conductivities resulting from the unstable divalent Sn state in the structure cause poor device performance and poor reproducibility. Herein, we used excess tin iodide (SnI₂) in Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells (ASnI₃, A = Cs, methylammonium, and formamidinium tin iodide as the representative light absorbers) combined with a reducing atmosphere to stabilize the Sn²⁺ state. Excess SnI₂ can disperse uniformly into the perovskite films and functions as a compensator as well as a suppressor of Sn²⁺ vacancies, thereby effectively reducing the p-type conductivity. This process significantly improved the solar cell performances of all the ASnI₃ materials on mesoporous TiO₂. Optimized CsSnI₃ devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.81%, which is the highest among all inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells to date.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	897-903
Number of pages	7
Journal	ACS Energy Letters
Volume	2
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00171
State	Published - Apr 14 2017

Funding

This research made use of resources at the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001059) and the Institute for Sustainable Energy at Northwestern University. T.-B.S. acknowledges financial support from Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science & Technology Research Center, Inc. This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center, and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (EEC-0118025/ 003), both programs of the National Science Foundation; the State of Illinois; and Northwestern University. The authors acknowledge Mr. Takuma Uryu (Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc.) and Mr. John Villalovos (RKI Instruments, Inc.) for performing PESA measurement and Dr. Yoshiyuki Nakajima (Riken Keiki Co. Ltd.) for fruitful discussion on the PESA results. T.-B.S and T.Y thank to Dr. Constantinos Stoumpos (Northwestern University) for synthesizing SnI2 used in this study.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Materials Chemistry

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00171

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title = "Performance enhancement of lead-free tin- based perovskite solar cells with reducing atmosphere-assisted dispersible additive",

abstract = "Sn-based halide perovskite materials have attracted tremendous attention and have been employed successfully in solar cells. However, their high conductivities resulting from the unstable divalent Sn state in the structure cause poor device performance and poor reproducibility. Herein, we used excess tin iodide (SnI2) in Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells (ASnI3, A = Cs, methylammonium, and formamidinium tin iodide as the representative light absorbers) combined with a reducing atmosphere to stabilize the Sn2+ state. Excess SnI2 can disperse uniformly into the perovskite films and functions as a compensator as well as a suppressor of Sn2+ vacancies, thereby effectively reducing the p-type conductivity. This process significantly improved the solar cell performances of all the ASnI3 materials on mesoporous TiO2. Optimized CsSnI3 devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.81%, which is the highest among all inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells to date.",

author = "Song, {Tze Bin} and Takamichi Yokoyama and Shinji Aramaki and Kanatzidis, {Mercouri G.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research made use of resources at the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001059) and the Institute for Sustainable Energy at Northwestern University. T.-B.S. acknowledges financial support from Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science & Technology Research Center, Inc. This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center, and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (EEC-0118025/ 003), both programs of the National Science Foundation; the State of Illinois; and Northwestern University. The authors acknowledge Mr. Takuma Uryu (Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc.) and Mr. John Villalovos (RKI Instruments, Inc.) for performing PESA measurement and Dr. Yoshiyuki Nakajima (Riken Keiki Co. Ltd.) for fruitful discussion on the PESA results. T.-B.S and T.Y thank to Dr. Constantinos Stoumpos (Northwestern University) for synthesizing SnI2 used in this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 American Chemical Society.",

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AU - Song, Tze Bin

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AU - Aramaki, Shinji

AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

N1 - Funding Information: This research made use of resources at the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001059) and the Institute for Sustainable Energy at Northwestern University. T.-B.S. acknowledges financial support from Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science & Technology Research Center, Inc. This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center, and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (EEC-0118025/ 003), both programs of the National Science Foundation; the State of Illinois; and Northwestern University. The authors acknowledge Mr. Takuma Uryu (Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc.) and Mr. John Villalovos (RKI Instruments, Inc.) for performing PESA measurement and Dr. Yoshiyuki Nakajima (Riken Keiki Co. Ltd.) for fruitful discussion on the PESA results. T.-B.S and T.Y thank to Dr. Constantinos Stoumpos (Northwestern University) for synthesizing SnI2 used in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 American Chemical Society.

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N2 - Sn-based halide perovskite materials have attracted tremendous attention and have been employed successfully in solar cells. However, their high conductivities resulting from the unstable divalent Sn state in the structure cause poor device performance and poor reproducibility. Herein, we used excess tin iodide (SnI2) in Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells (ASnI3, A = Cs, methylammonium, and formamidinium tin iodide as the representative light absorbers) combined with a reducing atmosphere to stabilize the Sn2+ state. Excess SnI2 can disperse uniformly into the perovskite films and functions as a compensator as well as a suppressor of Sn2+ vacancies, thereby effectively reducing the p-type conductivity. This process significantly improved the solar cell performances of all the ASnI3 materials on mesoporous TiO2. Optimized CsSnI3 devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.81%, which is the highest among all inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells to date.

AB - Sn-based halide perovskite materials have attracted tremendous attention and have been employed successfully in solar cells. However, their high conductivities resulting from the unstable divalent Sn state in the structure cause poor device performance and poor reproducibility. Herein, we used excess tin iodide (SnI2) in Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells (ASnI3, A = Cs, methylammonium, and formamidinium tin iodide as the representative light absorbers) combined with a reducing atmosphere to stabilize the Sn2+ state. Excess SnI2 can disperse uniformly into the perovskite films and functions as a compensator as well as a suppressor of Sn2+ vacancies, thereby effectively reducing the p-type conductivity. This process significantly improved the solar cell performances of all the ASnI3 materials on mesoporous TiO2. Optimized CsSnI3 devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.81%, which is the highest among all inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells to date.

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Performance enhancement of lead-free tin- based perovskite solar cells with reducing atmosphere-assisted dispersible additive

Abstract

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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