Phase–slope and group–dispersion calculations in the frequency domain by simple optical low-coherence reflectometry

We report a new method by which phase slope and group dispersion can be calculated with a simple optical low–coherence reflectometer to quantify physiological conditions. A discrete–time signal processing algorithm based on the first and second derivatives of the phase with respect to wave number was developed from discrete–time Fourier properties. The algorithm avoids the 2π ambiguity associated with most phase unwrapping. Experimental data collected by use of well–characterized optical materials validated the algorithm, which was minimally sensitive to phase noise. The group dispersion of bovine cornea was measured at various hydrations and was significantly dependent on hydration. The results suggest that group dispersion is an indicator of corneal alterations.