Photonic Jet Writing of Quantum Dots Self-Aligned to Dielectric Microspheres

Andrea Ristori; Travis Hamilton; Dimosthenis Toliopoulos; Marco Felici; Giorgio Pettinari; Stefano Sanguinetti; Massimo Gurioli; Hooman Mohseni; Francesco Biccari

doi:10.1002/qute.202100045

Photonic Jet Writing of Quantum Dots Self-Aligned to Dielectric Microspheres

Andrea Ristori, Travis Hamilton, Dimosthenis Toliopoulos, Marco Felici, Giorgio Pettinari, Stefano Sanguinetti, Massimo Gurioli, Hooman Mohseni, Francesco Biccari^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Owing to their ability to generate non-classical light states, quantum dots (QDs) are very promising candidates for the large-scale implementation of quantum information technologies. However, the high photon collection efficiency demanded by these technologies may be impossible to reach for “standalone” semiconductor QDs, embedded in a high-refractive index medium. In this work a novel laser writing technique is presented, enabling the direct fabrication of a QD self-aligned—with a precision of ±30 nm—to a dielectric microsphere. The presence of the microsphere leads to an enhancement of the QD luminescence collection by a factor 7.3 ± 0.7 when an objective with 0.7 numerical aperture is employed. This technique exploits the possibility of breaking the N−H bonds in GaAs (Formula presented.) N_x:H by a laser light, obtaining a lower-bandgap material, GaAs (Formula presented.) N_x. The microsphere, deposited on top of a GaAs (Formula presented.) N_x:H/GaAs quantum well, is used to generate a photonic nanojet, which removes hydrogen exactly below the microsphere, creating a GaAs (Formula presented.) N_x QD at a predefined distance from the sample surface. Second-order autocorrelation measurements confirm the ability of the QDs obtained with this technique to emit single photons.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	2100045
Journal	Advanced Quantum Technologies
Volume	4
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202100045
State	Published - Sep 2021

Funding

F.B. acknowledges Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze for funding this work within the project SFERIQA 2020.1511. Research at Northwestern University (T.H. and H.M.) was partially supported by ARO award no. W911NF‐11‐1‐0390. The work of D.T and S.S. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement No. 721394. The authors warmly thank Prof. Mark Hopkinson, University of Sheffield (UK), for having provided the GaAsN/GaAs quantum well, and Nicoletta Granchi, University of Florence (Italy), for having provided the SNOM tip used to remove the microspheres. x F.B. acknowledges Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze for funding this work within the project SFERIQA 2020.1511. Research at Northwestern University (T.H. and H.M.) was partially supported by ARO award no.?W911NF-11-1-0390. The work of D.T and S.S. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 721394. The authors warmly thank Prof. Mark Hopkinson, University of Sheffield (UK), for having provided the GaAs1?xNx/GaAs quantum well, and Nicoletta Granchi, University of Florence (Italy), for having provided the SNOM tip used to remove the?microspheres.

Keywords

collection enhancement
dilute nitrides
microspheres
photonic jets
site-controlled quantum dots

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Computational Theory and Mathematics
Mathematical Physics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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title = "Photonic Jet Writing of Quantum Dots Self-Aligned to Dielectric Microspheres",

abstract = "Owing to their ability to generate non-classical light states, quantum dots (QDs) are very promising candidates for the large-scale implementation of quantum information technologies. However, the high photon collection efficiency demanded by these technologies may be impossible to reach for “standalone” semiconductor QDs, embedded in a high-refractive index medium. In this work a novel laser writing technique is presented, enabling the direct fabrication of a QD self-aligned—with a precision of ±30 nm—to a dielectric microsphere. The presence of the microsphere leads to an enhancement of the QD luminescence collection by a factor 7.3 ± 0.7 when an objective with 0.7 numerical aperture is employed. This technique exploits the possibility of breaking the N−H bonds in GaAs (Formula presented.) Nx:H by a laser light, obtaining a lower-bandgap material, GaAs (Formula presented.) Nx. The microsphere, deposited on top of a GaAs (Formula presented.) Nx:H/GaAs quantum well, is used to generate a photonic nanojet, which removes hydrogen exactly below the microsphere, creating a GaAs (Formula presented.) Nx QD at a predefined distance from the sample surface. Second-order autocorrelation measurements confirm the ability of the QDs obtained with this technique to emit single photons.",

keywords = "collection enhancement, dilute nitrides, microspheres, photonic jets, site-controlled quantum dots",

author = "Andrea Ristori and Travis Hamilton and Dimosthenis Toliopoulos and Marco Felici and Giorgio Pettinari and Stefano Sanguinetti and Massimo Gurioli and Hooman Mohseni and Francesco Biccari",

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AU - Hamilton, Travis

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AU - Felici, Marco

AU - Pettinari, Giorgio

AU - Sanguinetti, Stefano

AU - Gurioli, Massimo

AU - Mohseni, Hooman

AU - Biccari, Francesco

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Photonic Jet Writing of Quantum Dots Self-Aligned to Dielectric Microspheres

Abstract

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Keywords

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