Picoliter Drop-On-Demand Dispensing for Multiplex Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Joseph P. Patterson; Lucas R. Parent; Joshua Cantlon; Holger Eickhoff; Guido Bared; James E. Evans; Nathan C. Gianneschi

doi:10.1017/S1431927616000659

Picoliter Drop-On-Demand Dispensing for Multiplex Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Joseph P. Patterson, Lucas R. Parent, Joshua Cantlon, Holger Eickhoff, Guido Bared, James E. Evans, Nathan C. Gianneschi^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) provides a unique insight into the dynamics of nanomaterials in solution. Controlling the addition of multiple solutions to the liquid cell remains a key hurdle in our ability to increase throughput and to study processes dependent on solution mixing including chemical reactions. Here, we report that a piezo dispensing technique allows for mixing of multiple solutions directly within the viewing area. This technique permits deposition of 50 pL droplets of various aqueous solutions onto the liquid cell window, before assembly of the cell in a fully controlled manner. This proof-of-concept study highlights the great potential of picoliter dispensing in combination with LCTEM for observing nanoparticle mixing in the solution phase and the creation of chemical gradients.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	507-514
Number of pages	8
Journal	Microscopy and Microanalysis
Volume	22
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616000659
State	Published - Feb 12 2016

Keywords

TEM sample preparation
dispensing organic non-organic solutions
grid loading
liquid cell transmission electron microscopy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Instrumentation

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10.1017/S1431927616000659

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title = "Picoliter Drop-On-Demand Dispensing for Multiplex Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy",

abstract = "Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) provides a unique insight into the dynamics of nanomaterials in solution. Controlling the addition of multiple solutions to the liquid cell remains a key hurdle in our ability to increase throughput and to study processes dependent on solution mixing including chemical reactions. Here, we report that a piezo dispensing technique allows for mixing of multiple solutions directly within the viewing area. This technique permits deposition of 50 pL droplets of various aqueous solutions onto the liquid cell window, before assembly of the cell in a fully controlled manner. This proof-of-concept study highlights the great potential of picoliter dispensing in combination with LCTEM for observing nanoparticle mixing in the solution phase and the creation of chemical gradients.",

keywords = "TEM sample preparation, dispensing organic non-organic solutions, grid loading, liquid cell transmission electron microscopy",

author = "Patterson, {Joseph P.} and Parent, {Lucas R.} and Joshua Cantlon and Holger Eickhoff and Guido Bared and Evans, {James E.} and Gianneschi, {Nathan C.}",

note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors acknowledge support for this work from the AFOSR via a PECASE (FA9550-11-1-0105), ARO STIR W911NF-15-1-0080, and ARO W911NF-15-1-0189 to N.C.G. and via a AFOSR Basic Research Initiative grant (FA9550-12-1-0414), which enabled the purchase and operation of the UCSD LCTEM equipment. In addition, N.C.G. thanks the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a fellowship. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Microscopy Society of America 2016.",

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doi = "10.1017/S1431927616000659",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Patterson, Joseph P.

AU - Parent, Lucas R.

AU - Cantlon, Joshua

AU - Eickhoff, Holger

AU - Bared, Guido

AU - Evans, James E.

AU - Gianneschi, Nathan C.

N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors acknowledge support for this work from the AFOSR via a PECASE (FA9550-11-1-0105), ARO STIR W911NF-15-1-0080, and ARO W911NF-15-1-0189 to N.C.G. and via a AFOSR Basic Research Initiative grant (FA9550-12-1-0414), which enabled the purchase and operation of the UCSD LCTEM equipment. In addition, N.C.G. thanks the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a fellowship. Publisher Copyright: © Microscopy Society of America 2016.

PY - 2016/2/12

Y1 - 2016/2/12

N2 - Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) provides a unique insight into the dynamics of nanomaterials in solution. Controlling the addition of multiple solutions to the liquid cell remains a key hurdle in our ability to increase throughput and to study processes dependent on solution mixing including chemical reactions. Here, we report that a piezo dispensing technique allows for mixing of multiple solutions directly within the viewing area. This technique permits deposition of 50 pL droplets of various aqueous solutions onto the liquid cell window, before assembly of the cell in a fully controlled manner. This proof-of-concept study highlights the great potential of picoliter dispensing in combination with LCTEM for observing nanoparticle mixing in the solution phase and the creation of chemical gradients.

AB - Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) provides a unique insight into the dynamics of nanomaterials in solution. Controlling the addition of multiple solutions to the liquid cell remains a key hurdle in our ability to increase throughput and to study processes dependent on solution mixing including chemical reactions. Here, we report that a piezo dispensing technique allows for mixing of multiple solutions directly within the viewing area. This technique permits deposition of 50 pL droplets of various aqueous solutions onto the liquid cell window, before assembly of the cell in a fully controlled manner. This proof-of-concept study highlights the great potential of picoliter dispensing in combination with LCTEM for observing nanoparticle mixing in the solution phase and the creation of chemical gradients.

KW - TEM sample preparation

KW - dispensing organic non-organic solutions

KW - grid loading

KW - liquid cell transmission electron microscopy

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Picoliter Drop-On-Demand Dispensing for Multiplex Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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