Platelet chimerism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in allogeneic stem cell transplant in children: A new novel approach to full chimerism analysis

Evaluation of chimerism following allogeneic transplantation has been performed traditionally focusing on two cellular compartments, namely lymphoid and myeloid. However, none has been described so far to evaluate platelet chimerism. In order to achieve full chimerism in all three cellular compartments, we prospectively obtained 138 samples of peripheral blood in 55 patients at different post transplant periods following allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Evaluation of chimerism was performed utilizing tests of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and sex determination by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tests for platelet chimerism using platelet-rich plasma were simultaneously analyzed with samples for T-cell lymphoid and myeloid compartments. Complete donor chimerism was noted in 49 of 55 patients (89%), while the remaining six have split chimerism ranging from 34 to 98%. There is significant difference (P = 0.0004) between the percentages of donor DNA in all three cellular compartments comparing the means±s.e.m. (myeloid 95.60±0.9, T-cell lymphocytes 87.6±1.9, and the platelets 90.8±1.5); however, comparison between the medians is not statistically significant. This study represents an additional step towards achieving full chimerism and the observation may help reduce the number of unnecessary platelet transfusions once chimerism is noted in that cellular compartment.