Prediction of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 avian influenza virus by in silico molecular docking

The H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has widely spread in Asia, Europe and Africa, making a large amount of economic loss. Recently, our research group has screened a common neutralizing monoclonal antibody named 8H5, which can neutralize almost all H5 subtype AIV ever isolated so far. Obviously, this monoclonal antibody would benefit for research and development of the universal AIV vaccine and design of the drug against H5N1 AIV in high mutation rate. In this study, the homology modeling was applied to generate the 3D structure of 8H5 Fab fragment, and "canonical structure" method was used to define the specified loop conformation of CDR regions. The model was subjected to energy minimization in cvff force field with Discovery module in Insight II program. The resulting model has correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot calculation and good 3D-structure compatibility as assessed by interaction energy analysis, solvent accessible surface (SAS) analysis, and Profiles-3D approach. Furthermore, the 8H5 Fab model was subjected to docking with three H5 subtype hemagglutinin (HA) structures deposited in PDB (ID No: 1jsm, 2ibx and 2fk0) respectively. The result indicates that the three docked complexes share a common binding interface, but differ in binding angle related with HA structure similarity between viral subtypes. In the light of the three HA interfaces with structural homology analysis, the common neutralizing epitope on HA recognized by 8H5 consists of 9 incontinuous amino acid residues: Asp⁶⁸, Asn⁷², Glu¹¹², Lys¹¹³, Ile¹¹⁴, Pro¹¹⁸, Ser¹²⁰, Tyr¹³⁷, Tyr²⁵² (numbered as for 1jsm sequence). The primary purpose of the present work is to provide some insight into structure and binding details of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 AIV, thereby aiding in the structure-based design of universal AIV vaccines and anti-virus therapeutic drugs.