Predictors of Prolonged Opioid Use After Lumbar Fusion and the Effects of Opioid Use on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

Jose A. Canseco, Michael Chang, Brian A. Karamian^*, Jennifer Z. Mao, Ariana A. Reyes, John Mangan, Srikanth N. Divi, Dhruv K.C. Goyal, Harold I. Salmons, Nicolas Dohse, Noah Levy, Maxwell Detweiler, D. Greg Anderson, Jeffrey A. Rihn, Mark F. Kurd, Alan S. Hilibrand, Christopher K. Kepler, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Gregory D. Schroeder