Prevalence and predictors of proteinuria in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in Cameroon

Jennifer Jao*, Dennis Palmer, Ine Leus, Pius Tih, Mukta Baweja, Mary Klotman, Rhoda Sperling, Christina Wyatt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Proteinuria during pregnancy has been associated with increased pregnancy complications. Furthermore, even low-grade proteinuria has been associated with increased mortality in the general population and in non-pregnant HIV-infected women.Methods. Urine dipstick protein was measured prospectively on HIV-infected and trace protein or more and quantified by urine protein:creatinine measurement (P:C). Logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with proteinuria.Results. About 199 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 190 HIV-uninfected normotensive pregnant women were evaluated. The median age was 27 years in both groups and 37% presented in the third trimester. Among HIV-infected women, median CD4 cell count was 417 cells/mm 3; 27% were on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Proteinuria was present in 39.2% of HIV-infected and 20.9% of uninfected women (P < 0.001). HIV infection was independently associated with proteinuria [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.45; confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-3.85]. Among HIV-infected pregnant women, cART was protective (adjusted OR = 0.39; CI = 0.19-0.82). Results were qualitatively similar when urine P:C was evaluated as a continuous outcome variable.Conclusions. The prevalence of low-grade proteinuria in both HIV-infected and-uninfected Cameroonian pregnant women is high. HIV-infected pregnant women are at increased risk for proteinuria, and cART appears to exert a protective effect. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes of increased proteinuria in African pregnant women, both HIV-infected and-uninfected.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3051-3053
Number of pages3
JournalNephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Volume26
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2011

Funding

Funding sources. This work was funded by the Bristol-Myers Squibb Virology Fellows Research Training Program (J.J.) and Mount Sinai Department of Medicine Global Health Award (J.J., C.W.). The sponsors played no role in the design and conduct of the study or manuscript preparation.

Keywords

  • Cameroon
  • HIV
  • pregnancy
  • proteinuria

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation

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