TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevention of Childhood Obesity
T2 - A Position Paper of the Global Federation of International Societies of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (FISPGHAN)
AU - Koletzko, Berthold
AU - Fishbein, Mark
AU - Lee, Way S.
AU - Moreno, Luis
AU - Mouane, Nezha
AU - Mouzaki, Marialena
AU - Verduci, Elvira
N1 - Funding Information:
As member of the German National Breastfeeding Committee and the national program Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly, chair of the German Paediatric Society Nutrition Committee, and President Elect of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation, B.K. tends to be biased towards breast-feeding. LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich and its employee B.K. benefit from support for scientific and educational activities from the European Commission, FP7 Programme Early Nutrition-289346 and H2020 Programmes DYNA-HEALTH-633595 und Lifecycle-733206, the European Research Council Advanced Grant META-GROWTH ERC-2012-AdG-no. 322605, the Erasmus Plus Programmes Early Nutrition eAcademy Southeast Asia-573651-EPP-1-2016-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP and Capacity Building to Improve Early Nutrition and Health in South Africa-598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP, the EU Interreg Programme Focus in CD-CE111 and the European Joint Programming Initiative Project NutriPROGRAM, the German Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin (Grant Nr. 01 GI 0825), German Research Council (Ko912/12-1 and INST 409/224-1 FUGG), University of Munich Innovation Initiative, the US National Institutes of Health, the Government of Norway, and different health care and nutrition companies, predomi-nantly as part of publically funded research projects supported by the European Commission or German government. W.S.L. received traveling grants from Danone Nutrition (Malaysia), Nestle Nutrition (Malaysia), and Abbott Nutrition (Malaysia). E.V. reports support from Nutricia Italia Spa, Nestle Health Science—Vitaflo Italy, FoodAR srl Italy, PIAM Pharma, and Integrative Care. All authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to the topic of this manuscript, that is, circumstances that involve the risk that the professional judgment or acts of primary interest may be unduly influenced by a secondary interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Global childhood obesity increased more than 8-fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast-feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar-containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School- and community-based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front-of-pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children’s health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.
AB - Global childhood obesity increased more than 8-fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast-feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar-containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School- and community-based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front-of-pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children’s health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.
KW - Children
KW - Nutrition
KW - Obesity prevention
KW - Physical activity
KW - Public health policy
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U2 - 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002708
DO - 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002708
M3 - Article
C2 - 32205768
AN - SCOPUS:85084102930
VL - 70
SP - 702
EP - 710
JO - Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
JF - Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
SN - 0277-2116
IS - 5
ER -