Abstract
Activated monocytes produce proinflammatory cytokines (monokines) such as interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and IL-18 for induction of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells provide the antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, an autocrine/negative regulator of IFN-γ. The ability of one signaling pathway to prevail over the other is likely important in controlling IFN-γ for the purposes of infection and autoimmunity, but the molecular mechanism(s) of how this counterregulation occurs is unknown. Here we show that in isolated human NK cells, proinflammatory monokines antagonize antiinflammatory TGF-β signaling by downregulating the expression of the TGF-β type II receptor, and its signaling intermediates SMAD2 and SMAD3. In contrast, TGF-β utilizes SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 to suppress IFN-γ and T-BET, a positive regulator of IFN-γ. Indeed, activated NK cells from Smad3-/- mice produce more IFN-γ in vivo than NK cells from wild-type mice. Collectively, our data suggest that pro- and antiinflammatory cytokine signaling reciprocally antagonize each other in an effort to prevail in the regulation of NK cell IFN-γ production.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 575-590 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Immunity |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2006 |
Funding
We thank Tiffany Hughes, Trent Marburger, Hua Li, Weifeng Yuang, Wei Ding, Jeffrey Allard II, Ye Liu, and Ben Scheier for technical assistance and Aharon Freud for purifying primary human NK cells. This work was supported by The Real Time RT-PCR and The Nucleic Acid Shared Resources within The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and by National Cancer Institute grants (CA95426 and CA68458 to M.A.C.). J.Y. was supported by the Up on the Roof Fellowship from the Division of Human Cancer Genetics at The Ohio State University.
Keywords
- CELLIMMUNO
- MOLIMMUNO
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases