Progress toward controlling the shape of Si mirrors coated with a magnetic smart material

M. P. Ulmer*, M. Jalilvanda, D. B. Buchholz, D. J. Matthews, Jonathan Cao, B. Fujishima, N. Marks, Jian Cao, Y. W. Chung

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Thin-walled X-ray optics are going to be required to meet the demands of large collecting area versus volume and mass for the next generation X-ray astronomy Flagship Mission. We report here our progress on our concept of meeting the challenge of producing these mirrors. The case we address is the one where the initial fabrication process requires post-fabrication figure correction. Our technology can be applied prior to launch and also enable in-flight figure corrections. Our process is to coat a film of magnetic smart material onto the backside of the thin-walled X-ray mirrors. Then, an electromagnet is used to produce an in-plane stress and thus reshape the mirror. We show in this paper that 500 μm thick Si wafers can be coated and after coating remains significantly flat, i.e. they have a radius of curvature of about 30 m. We have carried out deflection measurements as a function of the external magnetic field of about 0.1 to 0.3 T and found a nearly linear relationship. We also revisited the stability of induced deflections for up to nearly 70 hours and also demonstrated that the process can produce deflections for fine-scale figure adjustments of order (10 nm) range deflections.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationOptics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX
EditorsStephen L. O'Dell, Giovanni Pareschi
PublisherSPIE
ISBN (Electronic)9781510629318
DOIs
StatePublished - 2019
EventOptics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX 2019 - San Diego, United States
Duration: Aug 13 2019Aug 15 2019

Publication series

NameProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume11119
ISSN (Print)0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)1996-756X

Conference

ConferenceOptics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX 2019
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CitySan Diego
Period8/13/198/15/19

Funding

We could not have completed a major portion of this research that involved laser scanning without the help of many undergraduate students. This laser scanning project was initiated as a Northwestern University senior project called Capstone. The Capstone team consisted of Newlin Weatherford (team leader), Jonathan Atler, Brooke Donnelly, Joanna Li, Connor Murray, and Theo Ward and was overseen in large part by Dr. Rocco Coppejans and Capstone adviser, Michael Betran. Then, in the summer of 2018, the system was further enhanced by students Marisa Biram, William Reinhart, and Theo Ward. The system was then put into nearly complete form as part of an independent study project in the spring of 2019 by co-authors Jonathan Cao, Brooke Fujishima, and Nick Marks. Over the summer of 2019, Finlay Lawson of Ohio Wesleyan Univ. contributed to the software used for the laser scanning system. We thank Dr. Chad Joshi for inventing the original idea of using an MSM film for surface figure modification and Dr. Giovanni Pareschi for bringing Dr. Joshi's work to our attention. This work was supported primarily by NASA for adaptive X-ray optics supported NASA Grant ID: NNX16AL31G as well synergistic work via NIAC Grant ID: NNX15AL89G. We thank Dr. Ron Shiri, Dr. Steve Arnold, and Dr. Lahsen Aussoufid for advice and support. We also thank the ISEN center at Northwestern University for providing funds for purchasing additional sputtering guns that were used for a portion of the coating work done here. This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. This work also made use of Central Facilities at Northwestern University: Electron Probe Instrumentation Center and Optical Microscopy & Metallography facility (DMR-1121262) supported by the National Science Foundation at Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. Summer support for undergraduate students both for 2018 and 2019 came from Illinois Space Grant. We could not have completed a major portion of this research that involved laser scanning without the help of many undergraduate students. This laser scanning project was initiated as a Northwestern University senior project called Capstone. The Capstone team consisted of Newlin Weatherford (team leader), Jonathan Atler, Brooke Donnelly, Joanna Li, Connor Murray, and Theo Ward and was overseen in large part by Dr. Rocco Coppejans and Capstone adviser, Michael Betran. Then, in the summer of 2018, the system was further enhanced by students Marisa Biram, William Reinhart, and Theo Ward. The system was then put into nearly complete form as part of an independent study project in the spring of 2019 by co-authors Jonathan Cao, Brooke Fujishima, and Nick Marks. Over the summer of 2019, Finlay Lawson of Ohio Wesleyan Univ. contributed to the software used for the laser scanning system. We thank Dr. Chad Joshi for inventing the original idea of using an MSM film for surface figure modification and Dr. Giovanni Pareschi for bringing Dr. Joshi’s work to our attention. This work was supported primarily by NASA for adaptive X-ray optics supported NASA Grant ID: NNX16AL31G as well synergistic work via NIAC Grant ID: NNX15AL89G. We thank Dr. Ron Shiri, Dr. Steve Arnold, and Dr. Lahsen Aussoufid for advice and support. We also thank the ISEN center at Northwestern University for providing funds for purchasing additional sputtering guns that were used for a portion of the coating work done here. This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. This work also made use of Central Facilities at Northwestern University: Electron Probe Instrumentation Center and Optical Microscopy & Metallography facility (DMR-1121262) supported by the National Science Foundation at Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. Summer support for undergraduate students both for 2018 and 2019 came from Illinois Space Grant.

Keywords

  • X-ray optics
  • grazing incidence optics
  • magnetic smart materials
  • magnetostriction
  • post deployment correction
  • silicon

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Applied Mathematics
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Progress toward controlling the shape of Si mirrors coated with a magnetic smart material'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this