Quaternary Pavonites A_1+xSn_2-xBi_5+xS₁₀ (A⁺ = Li⁺, Na⁺): Site Occupancy Disorder Defines Electronic Structure

The field of mineralogy represents an area of untapped potential for the synthetic chemist, as there are numerous structure types that can be utilized to form analogues of mineral structures with useful optoelectronic properties. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two novel quaternary sulfides A_1+xSn_2-xBi_5+xS₁₀ (A = Li⁺, Na⁺). Though not natural minerals themselves, both compounds adopt the pavonite structure, which crystallizes in the C2/m space group and consists of two connected, alternating defect rock-salt slabs of varying thicknesses to create a three-dimensional lattice. Despite their commonalities in structure, their crystallography is noticeably different, as both structures have a heavy degree of site occupancy disorder that affects the actual positions of the atoms. The differences in site occupancy alter their electronic structures, with band gap values of 0.31(2) eV and 0.07(2) eV for the lithium and sodium analogues, respectively. LiSn₂Bi₅S₁₀ exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.62 W m^-1 K^-1 at 723 K, and this result is corroborated by phonon dispersion calculations. This structure type is a promising host candidate for future thermoelectric materials investigation, as these materials have narrow band gaps and intrinsically low thermal conductivities.