Random particle simulation of damage and fracture in particulate or fiber-reinforced composites

Presented is a particle model for brittle aggrefate composite materials such as concretes, rocks or ceramics. The model is also applicable to the behavior of unidirectionally reinforced fiber composites in the transverse plane. A method of random computer generation of the particle system meeting the prescribed particle size distribution is presented. The particles are assumed to be elastic and have only axial interactions, as in a truss. The interparticle contact layers of the matrix are described by a softening stress-strain relation corresponding to a prescribed microscopic interparticle fracture energy. Both two- and three-dimensional versions of the model are easy to program, but the latter poses, at present, forbiding demands for computer time. The model is shown to realistically simulate the spread of cracking and its localization. Furthermore, the model exhibits a size effect on : (1) the nominal strength, agreeing with the previously proposed size effect law, and (2) the slope of the post-peak load-deflection diagrams of specimens of different sizes. For direct tensile specimens, the model predicts development of asymmetric response after the peak load.