Rate of Progression of Aortic Stenosis and its Impact on Outcomes in Patients With Radiation-Associated Cardiac Disease: A Matched Cohort Study

Eoin Donnellan, Brian P. Griffin, Douglas R. Johnston, Zoran B. Popovic, Alaa Alashi, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Amar Krishnaswamy, Stephanie Mick, Lars G. Svensson, Milind Y. Desai*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

28 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to study differences in progression of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with mediastinal radiotherapy (XRT)-associated moderate AS versus a matched cohort during the same time frame, and to ascertain need for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and longer-term survival. Background: Rate of progression of XRT-associated moderate AS and its impact on outcomes is not well-described. Methods: We included 81 patients (age 61 ± 13 years; 57% female) with at least XRT-associated moderate AS (aortic valve area [AVA] 1.05 ± 0.3 cm2; mean gradient 24 ± 10 mm Hg) who had ≥2 transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) 1 year apart and matched them in a 1:2 fashion on the basis of age, sex, and AVA with those without prior XRT. Serial aortic valve gradients and AVA were recorded. AVR and longer-term all-cause mortality during follow-up were recorded. Results: A total of 100% of patients had 1, a total of 71% had 2, and 39% had 3 follow-up TTEs. Before AVR, mean AVG and AVA were not significantly different between XRT and comparison groups. At 3.6 ± 2.0 years from baseline TTE, 146 (60%) underwent AVR (16% transcatheter), with significantly more patients in the XRT group undergoing AVR (80% vs. 50%; p < 0.01), at a much shorter time (2.9 ± 1.6 years vs. 4.1 ± 2.4 years; p < 0.01). At 6.6 ± 4.0 years from the initial TTE, 49 (20%) patients died, with a significantly higher mortality in the XRT group (40% vs. 11%; p < 0.01), with prior XRT associated with increased longer-term mortality, whereas AVR was associated with improved longer-term survival. Conclusions: In patients with moderate AS, those with prior XRT have a similar rate of progression of AS versus a comparison group. A higher proportion of patients in the XRT group were referred for AVR at a shorter time from baseline TTE. Despite that, the XRT patients had significantly higher longer-term mortality, and prior exposure to XRT was associated with significantly increased longer-term mortality.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1072-1080
Number of pages9
JournalJACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
Volume11
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2018

Keywords

  • aortic stenosis
  • progression
  • radiation heart disease

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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