Reasoning

To a first approximation, cognitive science agrees with everyday notions about reasoning: According to both views, reasoning is a special sort of relation between beliefs - a relation that holds when accepting (or rejecting) one or more beliefs causes others to be accepted (rejected). If you learn, for example, that everyone dislikes iguana pudding, that should increase the likelihood of your believing that Calvin, in particular, dislikes iguana pudding. Reasoning could produce an entirely new belief about Calvin's attitude toward the pudding, or it could modify an old one. In either case, accepting the second idea on the basis of the first exemplifies reasoning of the simplest sort. More complex reasoning results from chains of such changes. (Café Maudit serves everything Calvin dislikes. So, since everybody dislikes iguana pudding, Calvin does; since Calvin does, Café Maudit serves it.)