Recent Technological Advances in Fabrication and Application of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), where conjugated polymers undergo doping/dedoping from an electrolyte, are widely studied for applications ranging from switching elements, artificial synapses to transducers for biological sensing. The concurrent transport of electronic and ionic charges within the channel provide OECTs with excellent amplification capability and efficient ion-to-electron transduction at low operating voltages (<1 V). Herein, the latest research advances in the fabrication techniques and applications of OECTs are summarized. Particular focus is given on the emerging applications including sensors, neuromorphic devices, and electrophysiological monitoring. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of conventional OECTs and novel all-solid-state OECTs are discussed.