Recombinant human MG53 protein attenuates brain lesion size in a large animal model of traumatic brain injury

BACKGROUND MG53, a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, plays an essential role in cell membrane repair and promotes cell survival. Recent studies show that systemic delivery of recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein markedly attenuates tissue injury/inflammation, and facilitates healing. This study was performed to test whether intravenous administration of rhMG53 protein would decrease the lesion size in a clinically relevant large animal model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD Yorkshire swine (40-45 kg; n = 5/group) were subjected to controlled cortical impact TBI and randomized to either: (1) rhMG53 protein (2 mg/kg, intravenous) or (2) normal saline control. Hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, and brain oxygenation were monitored for 7 hours. Brains were then harvested and sectioned into 5-mm slices and stained with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride to quantify the lesion size. Blood-brain barrier permeability of MG53 in the brain was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Bcl-2 and phospho-GSK β levels were measured as makers of prosurvival pathway activation. RESULTS Hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups, but the lesion size in the rhMG53-Treated group (2,517 ± 525.4 mm3) was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than the control group (3,646 ± 740.1 mm3). In the treated animals, rhMG53 was detected in the regions surrounding the TBI, but it was absent in the saline-Treated control animals. Bcl-2 and phospho-GSK β levels in the brains were upregulated in the rhMG53-Treated animals. CONCLUSION Intravenously administered rhMG53 localizes to the injured areas of the brain, with the treated animals demonstrating a significant attenuation in the brain lesion size following TBI.