Reconstructive therapy for disorders of sex development

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a heterogenous group of “congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical (Lee et al., 2006).” Once the diagnosis has been established and metabolic abnormalities regulated, consideration must be given to gender assignment and subsequent gender confirming surgeries. The timing of surgery remains controversial, particularly in feminization surgery, but there is general consensus as to the goals of surgery. The fertility and malignancy potential of the gonads must also be addressed. Multidisciplinary teams are integral to the evaluation and life-long treatment of patients with DSD.