Recovery of oral nutrition after head injury in adults

This article focuses on the cognitive-communicative and behavioral deficits that must be considered when implementing a dysphagia program for the head-injured adult. The impact of cognitive-communicative deficits on recovery is described. The effects of attentional deficits, impulsivity, agitation, memory problems, reduced organizational skills, and impaired judgment and reasoning are also discussed. Specific techniques for managing these behaviors to facilitate maximum benefit from dysphagia rehabilitation are presented, as are guidelines for patient, family, and staff education. Two case studies demonstrating the effects of cognitive-communicative and behavioral deficits on recovery from dysphagia are included.