Relationship between literacy, knowledge, self-care behaviors, and heart failure-related quality of life among patients with heart failure

Aurelia MacAbasco-O'Connell*, Darren A. Dewalt, Kimberly A. Broucksou, Victoria Hawk, David W. Baker, Dean Schillinger, Bernice Ruo, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, George M. Holmes, Brian Erman, Morris Weinberger, Michael Pignone

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

192 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: We sought to examine the relationship between literacy and heart failure-related quality of life (HFQOL), and to explore whether literacy-related differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and/or self-care behavior explained the relationship. Methods: We recruited patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) from four academic medical centers. Patients completed the short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and questions on HF-related knowledge, HF-related self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors. We assessed HFQOL with the Heart Failure Symptom Scale (HFSS) (range 0-100), with higher scores denoting better quality of life. We used bivariate (t-tests and chi-square) and multivariate linear regression analyses to estimate the associations between literacy and HF knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and HFQOL, controlling for demographic characteristics. Structural equation modeling was conducted to assess whether general HF knowledge, salt knowledge, self-care behaviors, and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between literacy and HFQOL. Results: We enrolled 605 patients with mean age of 60.7 years; 52% were male; 38% were African-American and 16% Latino; 26% had less than a high school education; and 67% had annual incomes under $25,000. Overall, 37% had low literacy (marginal or inadequate on TOFHLA). Patients with adequate literacy had higher general HF knowledge than those with low literacy (mean 6.6 vs. 5.5, adjusted difference 0.63, p < 0.01), higher self-efficacy (5.0 vs. 4.1,adjusted difference 0.99, p < 0.01), and higher prevalence of key self-care behaviors (p < 0.001). Those with adequate literacy had better HFQOL scores compared to those with low literacy (63.9 vs. 55.4, adjusted difference 7.20, p < 0.01), but differences in knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care did not mediate this difference in HFQOL. Conclusion: Low literacy was associated with worse HFQOL and lower HF-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors, but differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care did not explain the relationship between low literacy and worse HFQOL.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)979-986
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of general internal medicine
Volume26
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2011

Funding

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH/ NHLBI) -University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Grant # 5R01HL081257 (PI: Pignone, M.). This paper was presented as a poster at the Society of General Internal Medicine 33rd Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, in April, 2010.

Keywords

  • heart failure
  • literacy
  • quality of life
  • self-care

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine

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