Renal osteodystrophy: something old, something new, something needed

Purpose of reviewRenal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a complex disorder of bone metabolism that affects virtually all adults and children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ROD is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including bone loss, mineralization and turnover abnormalities, skeletal deformities, fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. Despite current therapies, fracture incidence is 2-fold to 100-fold higher in adults and 2-fold to 3-fold higher in children when compared to without CKD. Limited knowledge of ROD pathogenesis, due to the lack of patient-derived large-scale multimodal datasets, impedes development of therapeutics aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality of CKD patients. The purpose of the review is to define the much needed infrastructure for the advancement of RDO treatment.Recent findingsRecently, we created a large-scale data and tissue biorepository integrating clinical, bone quality, transcriptomic, and epigenomic data along with stored urine, blood, and bone samples. This database will provide the underpinnings for future research endeavors leading to the elucidation and characterization of the pathogenesis of ROD in CKD patients with and without dialysis.SummaryThe availability of an open-access NIH-funded resource that shares bone-tissue-based information obtained from patients with ROD with the broad scientific community represents a critical step in the process of discovering new information regarding unrecognized bone changes that have severe clinical complications. This will facilitate future high-impact hypothesis-driven research to redefine our understanding of ROD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and inform the development of disease-modifying and prevention strategies.