@article{666b20d664a2458e9788cea4e7b41ee0,
title = "Rethinking neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis",
abstract = "Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often is characterized by an eosinophilic inflammatory pattern, nowadays referred to as type 2 inflammation, although the mucosal inflammation is dominated by neutrophils in about a third of the patients. Neutrophils are typically predominant in 50% of patients with CRS without nasal polyps, but also are found to play a role in patients with severe type 2 CRS with nasal polyp disease. This review aims at summarizing the current understanding of the eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in CRS pathophysiology, and provides a discussion of their reciprocal interactions and the clinical impact of the mixed presentation in patients with severe type 2 CRS with nasal polyps. A solid understanding of these interactions is of utmost importance when treating uncontrolled severe CRS with nasal polyps with biologicals that are preferentially directed toward type 2 inflammation. We here focus on recent findings on both eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, their subgroups and the activation status, and their interactions in CRS.",
keywords = "Charcot-Leyden crystals, Chronic rhinosinusitis, IL-17, activation, biologicals, eosinophils, extracellular traps, neutrophils, type 2 inflammation",
author = "Tim Delemarre and Bochner, {Bruce S.} and Simon, {Hans Uwe} and Claus Bachert",
note = "Funding Information: C.B. was supported by grants from Flams wetenschappelijk Onderzeok ( FWO) Flanders (grant no. 1515516N , Excellence of Science [EOS] project no. GOG2318N), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Grant P7/30, and Sanofi (grant nos. A17/TT/1942 and A19/TT/0828). B.S.B. is supported in part by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant no. U19AI136443 ). H.-U.S. is supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 310030_184816 ). H.-U.S. also acknowledges financial support by the Russian Government Program “Recruitment of the Leading Scientists into the Russian Institutions of Higher Education.” Funding Information: C.B. was supported by grants from Flams wetenschappelijk Onderzeok (FWO) Flanders (grant no. 1515516N, Excellence of Science [EOS] project no. GOG2318N), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Grant P7/30, and Sanofi (grant nos. A17/TT/1942 and A19/TT/0828). B.S.B. is supported in part by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant no. U19AI136443). H.-U.S. is supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 310030_184816). H.-U.S. also acknowledges financial support by the Russian Government Program ?Recruitment of the Leading Scientists into the Russian Institutions of Higher Education.? Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: B. S. Bochner has received research funding from Acerta Pharma/AstraZeneca, as well as consulting fees from Regeneron, Sanofi, and GlaxoSmithkline (GSK); receives remuneration for serving on the Scientific Advisory Board of Third Harmonic Bio and Allakos, Inc; owns stock in Allakos; is a coinventor on existing Siglec-8?related patents and thus may be entitled to a share of royalties received by Johns Hopkins University during development and potential sales of such products; and is also a cofounder of Allakos; the terms of this arrangement are being managed by Johns Hopkins University and Northwestern University in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. H.-U. Simon is a consultant for AstraZeneca, GSK, and Esocap. C. Bachert has received research funding and/or is a consultant for Sanofi, Regeneron, Genzyme, Novartis, and GSK. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.024",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "148",
pages = "327--335",
journal = "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
issn = "0091-6749",
publisher = "Mosby Inc.",
number = "2",
}