TY - JOUR
T1 - Reversing the inverse hardness-toughness trend using W/VC multilayer coatings
AU - Shi, Kaicheng
AU - Wang, Chen
AU - Gross, Cameron
AU - Chung, Yip Wah
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the following funding agencies and institutions: Northwestern University (K. Shi), China Scholarship Council (C. Wang), and NSF-CMMI 1130000 (C. Gross and Y. W. Chung).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/12/25
Y1 - 2015/12/25
N2 - It is desirable to increase the hardness of protective coatings for reduced abrasive wear and to increase the toughness for improved wear performance due to fatigue and formation of flaws or cracks. Unfortunately, there is an inverse relationship between hardness and toughness: the harder the coating, the lower the toughness. Using W/VC multilayer coatings, we demonstrated that it is possible to reverse this hardness-toughness trend. These coatings were synthesized by DC magnetron sputtering with bilayer periods of about 10nm and different thickness fractions of W. They are crystalline, with hardness and toughness exceeding that of pure VC (25GPa and 1.0MPa-m1/2). In particular, the W/VC multilayer coating with thickness fraction of 90% W achieves hardness of 28.5GPa, comparable to many ceramics-based hard coatings, and toughness of 7.5MPa-m1/2, similar to many nanocrystalline metals. This investigation shows that one can synthesize coatings as hard as ceramics and as tough as metals. These results also indicate that H/E and H3/E2 (H=hardness and E=elastic modulus) are not good proxies for coating toughness.
AB - It is desirable to increase the hardness of protective coatings for reduced abrasive wear and to increase the toughness for improved wear performance due to fatigue and formation of flaws or cracks. Unfortunately, there is an inverse relationship between hardness and toughness: the harder the coating, the lower the toughness. Using W/VC multilayer coatings, we demonstrated that it is possible to reverse this hardness-toughness trend. These coatings were synthesized by DC magnetron sputtering with bilayer periods of about 10nm and different thickness fractions of W. They are crystalline, with hardness and toughness exceeding that of pure VC (25GPa and 1.0MPa-m1/2). In particular, the W/VC multilayer coating with thickness fraction of 90% W achieves hardness of 28.5GPa, comparable to many ceramics-based hard coatings, and toughness of 7.5MPa-m1/2, similar to many nanocrystalline metals. This investigation shows that one can synthesize coatings as hard as ceramics and as tough as metals. These results also indicate that H/E and H3/E2 (H=hardness and E=elastic modulus) are not good proxies for coating toughness.
KW - Hardness
KW - Multilayer coatings
KW - Toughness
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U2 - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.06.086
DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.06.086
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84938635091
SN - 0257-8972
VL - 284
SP - 80
EP - 84
JO - Surface and Coatings Technology
JF - Surface and Coatings Technology
ER -