Abstract
Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 042501 |
Journal | JPhys Materials |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 1 2023 |
Funding
M C thanks the Centre Qu\u00E9b\u00E9cois sur les Mat\u00E9riaux Fonctionnels (CQMF, a Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00E9bec \u2013 Nature et Technologies strategic network) and A L thanks the Canada Research Chairs program for financial support. G C W thanks the University of Calgary. This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with writing support for BWL by ARPA-E DIFFERENTIATE program under Grant No. DE-AR0001215. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The authors thank the financial support from the Australian Research Council, QUT capacity building professor program, and HBIS-UQ Innovation Centre for Sustainable Steel (ICSS) project. We thank the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), program MIRAI, JPMJMI19A1 and the Austrian Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity for financial support. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. 2018R1A6A1A03025708). M Wagih was supported by the UK Royal Academy of Engineering and the Office of the Chief Science Adviser for National Security under the UK Intelligence Community Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship programme. S Beeby was supported by the UK Royal Academy of Engineering under the Chairs in Emerging Technologies scheme. My work on skutterudites was funded chiefly by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No. 101006963 (GreEnergy), 952792 (2D-EPL), 881603 (Graphene Flagship Core 3), 863337 (WiPLASH), and funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under project No. 391996624 (HiPeDi), 407080863 (MOSTFLEX), 273177991 (GLECS2). D Z, M M, M K B and G J S acknowledge support from \u2018Accelerated Discovery of Compositionally Complex Alloys for Direct Thermal Energy Conversion\u2019, DOE Award DE-AC02-76SF00515 and Award 70NANB19H005 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHi-MaD) Lastly, device and circuit fabrication have to be scaled up to enable the integration into existing semiconductor platforms. Currently, the 2D Experimental Pilot Line (2D-EPL), a project funded by the European Commission, focusses efforts on solving issues with relevant process steps, such as two-dimensional layer growth and transfer, electrical contacts, active area patterning, passivation and process chemistry. If successful, this endeavour can pave the way towards reliable semiconductor manufacturing of two-dimensional materials and circuits. The work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Programs. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. Y S Z is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12204244), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20210556) and Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program. G Z is supported in part by RIE2020 Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic (A1898b0043) and A*STAR Aerospace Programme (M2115a0092). At Northwestern, work was partly supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under grant DE-SC0014520. The author thanks financial supports including JSPS KAKENHI grant number 19H02536, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR16R6, JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR21Q1, and MEXT Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (LEADER). We would like to acknowledge Matteo Bertoncello, Matteo Meneghini and Gaudenzio Meneghesso from the Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, for the EQE measurements. This work was partially made in the framework of BIntegra (Building Integrated Solar Energy Generation and Agrivoltaics) Project funded by FSE-REACT-EU PON-CUP B39J21025850001. M F acknowledges the support by the Royal Society through the University Research Fellowship (URF\\R1\\191286), Research Grant 2021 (RGS\\R1\\211321), and EPSRC New Investigator Award (EP\\V035819\\1). N F-D acknowledges the support by the EU Horizon 2020 MSCA-IF funding, Project 101028536. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE) Singapore, AcRF Tier 1 (Award No. RT15/20). JX gratefully acknowledges financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC, No. 202004910288). The project has received funding from Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR) through the PRIN2017 BOOSTER (Project No. 2017YXX8AZ) Grant. TMB gratefully acknowledges funding by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research\u2019s Biophysics program through Award Number FA9550-20-1-0157. This work was funded by Key Research Project of Zhejiang (LD22E030007) and \u201CLeading Goose\u201D R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (No.2022C01136). This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62171004 and 61888102) and in part by National Key Research and Development Program under Grant 2022YFB4401602. This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2018R1A6A1A03024334), by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1A2C2007219)., and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) fund by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2022R1I1A3069502) B C S acknowledges the UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (Grant No. MR/S031952/1). EB would like to acknowledge the Innovate UK Smart Grant Project KiriTEG (project No: 51868). D G G acknowledges support from the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship Grant (MR/V024442/1). This work was financially supported by Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51788104 and National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51772016 and 52172211. The financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1905901) and the Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project (2019JQ03014) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the EPSRC research project Grant EP/S02106X/1 in providing the funding for this work. S M K acknowledges NSF DMR-2001156 for funding. K K acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Grant DE-SC0022288. D Venkateshvaran acknowledges the Royal Society for funding in the form of a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (Royal Society Reference No. URF/R1/201590). The authors acknowledge the financial support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), through the program Energy Challenge for Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy (Challenge 2, 2015, Project MASSCOTE, ANR-15-CE05-0027). Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. OF is funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship [UF140372 and URF/R/201013].
Keywords
- energy harvesting materials
- photovoltaics
- piezoelectric energy harvesting
- radiofrequency energy harvesting
- sustainability
- thermoelectric energy harvesting
- triboelectric energy harvesting
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- General Materials Science
- Condensed Matter Physics