TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of glucocorticoids in the molecular regulation of muscle wasting
AU - Menconi, Michael
AU - Fareed, Moin
AU - O'Neal, Patrick
AU - Poylin, Vitaliy
AU - Wei, Wei
AU - Hasselgren, Per Olof
PY - 2007/9
Y1 - 2007/9
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To review glucocorticoid-regulated molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting. DESIGN: Review of recent literature describing the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of proteolytic mechanisms, transcription factors, and nuclear cofactors in skeletal muscle during various catabolic conditions. MAIN RESULTS: Catabolic doses of glucocorticoids induce muscle atrophy both in vivo and in vitro by stimulating protein breakdown and inhibiting protein synthesis. Signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis at the translational level are inhibited by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids increase the expression and activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a major proteolytic mechanism of muscle atrophy. The expression and activity of muscle wasting-related transcription factors, including C/EBPβ and δ and Forkhead box O 1, 3, and 4, as well as the nuclear cofactor p300, are up-regulated by glucocorticoid excess. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle wasting in various catabolic conditions is, at least in part, regulated by glucocorticoids. The role of glucocorticoids in muscle wasting is complex and reflects regulation at the molecular level of multiple mechanisms influencing both synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To review glucocorticoid-regulated molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting. DESIGN: Review of recent literature describing the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of proteolytic mechanisms, transcription factors, and nuclear cofactors in skeletal muscle during various catabolic conditions. MAIN RESULTS: Catabolic doses of glucocorticoids induce muscle atrophy both in vivo and in vitro by stimulating protein breakdown and inhibiting protein synthesis. Signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis at the translational level are inhibited by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids increase the expression and activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a major proteolytic mechanism of muscle atrophy. The expression and activity of muscle wasting-related transcription factors, including C/EBPβ and δ and Forkhead box O 1, 3, and 4, as well as the nuclear cofactor p300, are up-regulated by glucocorticoid excess. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle wasting in various catabolic conditions is, at least in part, regulated by glucocorticoids. The role of glucocorticoids in muscle wasting is complex and reflects regulation at the molecular level of multiple mechanisms influencing both synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins.
KW - Glucocorticoids
KW - Muscle wasting
KW - Nuclear cofactors
KW - Transcription factors
KW - Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
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U2 - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000279194.11328.77
DO - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000279194.11328.77
M3 - Article
C2 - 17713416
AN - SCOPUS:34548191071
SN - 0090-3493
VL - 35
SP - S602-S608
JO - Critical care medicine
JF - Critical care medicine
IS - 9 SUPPL.
ER -