Abstract
Millimeter-scale animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila larvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist for recording large-scale electrophysiological signals from these animals. Existing approaches often lack, however, real-time, uninterrupted investigations due to their rigid constructs, geometric constraints, and mechanical mismatch in integration with soft organisms. The recent research establishes the foundations for 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronic interfaces that incorporate microfabricated components and nanoelectronic function with adjustable mechanical properties and multidimensional variability, offering unique capabilities for chronic, stable interrogation and stimulation of millimeter-scale animals and miniature tissue constructs. This review summarizes the most advanced technologies for electrophysiological studies, based on methods of 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronics. A concluding section addresses the challenges of these devices in achieving freestanding, robust, and multifunctional biointerfaces.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 0034 |
| Journal | BME Frontiers |
| Volume | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2023 |
Funding
Funding: N.Z. acknowledges the support from “STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200405” and National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2293723 and 61972347). K.N. acknowledges the support from start-up funding for the ZJU100 professorship from Zhejiang University. J.A.R. acknowledges funding from the Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics. Author contributions: K.N. and J.A.R. supervised this work and provided funding. All authors contributed to writing and revising the manuscript and approved the final version. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medicine (miscellaneous)