Abstract
Melanosomes are specialized intracellular membrane bound organelles that produce and store melanin pigment. The composition of melanin and distribution of melanosomes determine the color of many mammalian tissues, including the hair, skin, and iris. However, the presence of melanosomes within a tissue carries potentially detrimental risks related to the cytotoxic indole-quinone intermediates produced during melanin synthesis. In order to study melanosomal molecules, including melanin and melanin-related intermediates, we have refined methods allowing spectromicroscopic analysis of purified melanosomes using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Here, we present for the first time absorption data for melanosomes at the carbon absorption edge ranging from 284 to 290 eV. High-resolution images of melanosomes at discrete energies demonstrate that fully melanized mature melanosomes are internally non-homogeneous, suggesting the presence of an organized internal sub-structure. Spectra of purified melanosomes are complex, partially described by a predominating absorption band at 288.4 eV with additional contributions from several minor bands. Differences in these spectra were detectable between samples from two strains of inbred mice known to harbor genetically determined melanosomal differences, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J, and are likely to represent signatures arising from biologically relevant and tractable phenomena.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 689-698 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Micron |
Volume | 37 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2006 |
Funding
We thank Holger Fleckenstein and Randy Nessler for technical assistance with sample preparation; Peter Guttman and Gerd Schneider for helpful discussions; Janos Kirz for support of the X1A beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) where these experiments were conducted; Joachim Spatz for providing laboratory and financial support, and the EU STREP NANOCUES for partial financial support. The NSLS is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Divisions of Materials Science and Chemical Sciences (DE-AC02-76CH00016). These experiments were initiated and supported by the National Science Foundation/EPSCoR under Grant no. 0132384. SWMJ is an Investigator of The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Keywords
- Mammalian genetics
- Melanin
- NEXAFS
- Organelle structure-function
- Synchrotron radiation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Structural Biology
- Cell Biology