Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

D. S. Akerib; C. W. Akerlof; A. Alqahtani; S. K. Alsum; T. J. Anderson; N. Angelides; H. M. Araújo; J. E. Armstrong; M. Arthurs; X. Bai; J. Balajthy; S. Balashov; J. Bang; D. Bauer; A. Baxter; J. Bensinger; E. P. Bernard; A. Bernstein; A. Bhatti; A. Biekert; T. P. Biesiadzinski; H. J. Birch; K. E. Boast; B. Boxer; P. Brás; J. H. Buckley; V. V. Bugaev; S. Burdin; J. K. Busenitz; R. Cabrita; C. Carels; D. L. Carlsmith; M. C. Carmona-Benitez; M. Cascella; C. Chan; N. I. Chott; A. Cole; A. Cottle; J. E. Cutter; C. E. Dahl; L. de Viveiros; J. E.Y. Dobson; E. Druszkiewicz; T. K. Edberg; S. R. Eriksen; A. Fan; S. Fayer; S. Fiorucci; H. Flaecher; E. D. Fraser; T. Fruth; R. J. Gaitskell; J. Genovesi; C. Ghag; E. Gibson; M. G.D. Gilchriese; S. Gokhale; M. G.D. van der Grinten; C. R. Hall; A. Harrison; S. J. Haselschwardt; S. A. Hertel; J. Y.K. Hor; M. Horn; D. Q. Huang; C. M. Ignarra; O. Jahangir; W. Ji; J. Johnson; A. C. Kaboth; A. C. Kamaha; K. Kamdin; K. Kazkaz; D. Khaitan; A. Khazov; I. Khurana; C. D. Kocher; L. Korley; E. V. Korolkova; J. Kras; H. Kraus; S. Kravitz; L. Kreczko; B. Krikler; V. A. Kudryavtsev; E. A. Leason; J. Lee; D. S. Leonard; K. T. Lesko; C. Levy; J. Li; J. Liao; F. T. Liao; J. Lin; A. Lindote; R. Linehan; W. H. Lippincott; R. Liu; X. Liu; C. Loniewski; M. I. Lopes; B. López Paredes; W. Lorenzon; S. Luitz; J. M. Lyle; P. A. Majewski; A. Manalaysay; L. Manenti; R. L. Mannino; N. Marangou; M. F. Marzioni; D. N. McKinsey; J. McLaughlin; Y. Meng; E. H. Miller; E. Mizrachi; A. Monte; M. E. Monzani; J. A. Morad; E. Morrison; B. J. Mount; A. St J. Murphy; D. Naim; A. Naylor; C. Nedlik; C. Nehrkorn; H. N. Nelson; F. Neves; J. A. Nikoleyczik; A. Nilima; I. Olcina; K. C. Oliver-Mallory; S. Pal; K. J. Palladino; J. Palmer; N. Parveen; E. K. Pease; B. Penning; G. Pereira; A. Piepke; K. Pushkin; J. Reichenbacher; C. A. Rhyne; A. Richards; Q. Riffard; G. R.C. Rischbieter; R. Rosero; P. Rossiter; G. Rutherford; D. Santone; A. B.M.R. Sazzad; R. W. Schnee; M. Schubnell; P. R. Scovell; D. Seymour; S. Shaw; T. A. Shutt; J. J. Silk; C. Silva; R. Smith; M. Solmaz; V. N. Solovov; P. Sorensen; I. Stancu; A. Stevens; K. Stifter; T. J. Sumner; N. Swanson; M. Szydagis; M. Tan; W. C. Taylor; R. Taylor; D. J. Temples; P. A. Terman; D. R. Tiedt; M. Timalsina; A. Tomás; M. Tripathi; D. R. Tronstad; W. Turner; L. Tvrznikova; U. Utku; A. Vacheret; A. Vaitkus; J. J. Wang; W. Wang; J. R. Watson; R. C. Webb; R. G. White; T. J. Whitis; F. L.H. Wolfs; D. Woodward; X. Xiang; J. Xu; M. Yeh; P. Zarzhitsky

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, A. Alqahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, X. Bai, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Bensinger, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. BiekertT. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, K. E. Boast, B. Boxer, P. Brás, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, A. Cottle^*, J. E. Cutter, C. E. Dahl, L. de Viveiros, J. E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, T. K. Edberg, S. R. Eriksen, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E. D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G.D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, M. G.D. van der Grinten, C. R. Hall, A. Harrison, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. A. Hertel, J. Y.K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, C. M. Ignarra, O. Jahangir, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A. C. Kaboth, A. C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, K. Kazkaz, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, C. D. Kocher, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, E. A. Leason, J. Lee, D. S. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, J. Liao, F. T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, P. A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M. F. Marzioni, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, I. Olcina, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, J. Palmer, N. Parveen, E. K. Pease, B. Penning, G. Pereira, A. Piepke, K. Pushkin, J. Reichenbacher, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R.C. Rischbieter, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, G. Rutherford, D. Santone, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, I. Stancu, A. Stevens, K. Stifter, T. J. Sumner, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Temples, P. A. Terman, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, A. Tomás, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, U. Utku, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. J. Wang, W. Wang, J. R. Watson, R. C. Webb, R. G. White, T. J. Whitis, F. L.H. Wolfs, D. Woodward, X. Xiang, J. Xu, M. Yeh, P. Zarzhitsky

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1–2)×10⁻¹² pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c². This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	102480
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	125
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480
State	Published - Feb 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics

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10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

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Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Alqahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bauer, D., Baxter, A., Bensinger, J., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., ... Zarzhitsky, P. (2021). Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment. Astroparticle Physics, 125, [102480]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

Akerib, D. S. ; Akerlof, C. W. ; Alqahtani, A. ; Alsum, S. K. ; Anderson, T. J. ; Angelides, N. ; Araújo, H. M. ; Armstrong, J. E. ; Arthurs, M. ; Bai, X. ; Balajthy, J. ; Balashov, S. ; Bang, J. ; Bauer, D. ; Baxter, A. ; Bensinger, J. ; Bernard, E. P. ; Bernstein, A. ; Bhatti, A. ; Biekert, A. ; Biesiadzinski, T. P. ; Birch, H. J. ; Boast, K. E. ; Boxer, B. ; Brás, P. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. V. ; Burdin, S. ; Busenitz, J. K. ; Cabrita, R. ; Carels, C. ; Carlsmith, D. L. ; Carmona-Benitez, M. C. ; Cascella, M. ; Chan, C. ; Chott, N. I. ; Cole, A. ; Cottle, A. ; Cutter, J. E. ; Dahl, C. E. ; de Viveiros, L. ; Dobson, J. E.Y. ; Druszkiewicz, E. ; Edberg, T. K. ; Eriksen, S. R. ; Fan, A. ; Fayer, S. ; Fiorucci, S. ; Flaecher, H. ; Fraser, E. D. ; Fruth, T. ; Gaitskell, R. J. ; Genovesi, J. ; Ghag, C. ; Gibson, E. ; Gilchriese, M. G.D. ; Gokhale, S. ; van der Grinten, M. G.D. ; Hall, C. R. ; Harrison, A. ; Haselschwardt, S. J. ; Hertel, S. A. ; Hor, J. Y.K. ; Horn, M. ; Huang, D. Q. ; Ignarra, C. M. ; Jahangir, O. ; Ji, W. ; Johnson, J. ; Kaboth, A. C. ; Kamaha, A. C. ; Kamdin, K. ; Kazkaz, K. ; Khaitan, D. ; Khazov, A. ; Khurana, I. ; Kocher, C. D. ; Korley, L. ; Korolkova, E. V. ; Kras, J. ; Kraus, H. ; Kravitz, S. ; Kreczko, L. ; Krikler, B. ; Kudryavtsev, V. A. ; Leason, E. A. ; Lee, J. ; Leonard, D. S. ; Lesko, K. T. ; Levy, C. ; Li, J. ; Liao, J. ; Liao, F. T. ; Lin, J. ; Lindote, A. ; Linehan, R. ; Lippincott, W. H. ; Liu, R. ; Liu, X. ; Loniewski, C. ; Lopes, M. I. ; López Paredes, B. ; Lorenzon, W. ; Luitz, S. ; Lyle, J. M. ; Majewski, P. A. ; Manalaysay, A. ; Manenti, L. ; Mannino, R. L. ; Marangou, N. ; Marzioni, M. F. ; McKinsey, D. N. ; McLaughlin, J. ; Meng, Y. ; Miller, E. H. ; Mizrachi, E. ; Monte, A. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morad, J. A. ; Morrison, E. ; Mount, B. J. ; Murphy, A. St J. ; Naim, D. ; Naylor, A. ; Nedlik, C. ; Nehrkorn, C. ; Nelson, H. N. ; Neves, F. ; Nikoleyczik, J. A. ; Nilima, A. ; Olcina, I. ; Oliver-Mallory, K. C. ; Pal, S. ; Palladino, K. J. ; Palmer, J. ; Parveen, N. ; Pease, E. K. ; Penning, B. ; Pereira, G. ; Piepke, A. ; Pushkin, K. ; Reichenbacher, J. ; Rhyne, C. A. ; Richards, A. ; Riffard, Q. ; Rischbieter, G. R.C. ; Rosero, R. ; Rossiter, P. ; Rutherford, G. ; Santone, D. ; Sazzad, A. B.M.R. ; Schnee, R. W. ; Schubnell, M. ; Scovell, P. R. ; Seymour, D. ; Shaw, S. ; Shutt, T. A. ; Silk, J. J. ; Silva, C. ; Smith, R. ; Solmaz, M. ; Solovov, V. N. ; Sorensen, P. ; Stancu, I. ; Stevens, A. ; Stifter, K. ; Sumner, T. J. ; Swanson, N. ; Szydagis, M. ; Tan, M. ; Taylor, W. C. ; Taylor, R. ; Temples, D. J. ; Terman, P. A. ; Tiedt, D. R. ; Timalsina, M. ; Tomás, A. ; Tripathi, M. ; Tronstad, D. R. ; Turner, W. ; Tvrznikova, L. ; Utku, U. ; Vacheret, A. ; Vaitkus, A. ; Wang, J. J. ; Wang, W. ; Watson, J. R. ; Webb, R. C. ; White, R. G. ; Whitis, T. J. ; Wolfs, F. L.H. ; Woodward, D. ; Xiang, X. ; Xu, J. ; Yeh, M. ; Zarzhitsky, P. / Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment. In: Astroparticle Physics. 2021 ; Vol. 125.

@article{5aff07f79a214aa186732fb6ecbc0a02,

title = "Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment",

abstract = "The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1–2)×10−12 pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c2. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data.",

author = "Akerib, {D. S.} and Akerlof, {C. W.} and A. Alqahtani and Alsum, {S. K.} and Anderson, {T. J.} and N. Angelides and Ara{\'u}jo, {H. M.} and Armstrong, {J. E.} and M. Arthurs and X. Bai and J. Balajthy and S. Balashov and J. Bang and D. Bauer and A. Baxter and J. Bensinger and Bernard, {E. P.} and A. Bernstein and A. Bhatti and A. Biekert and Biesiadzinski, {T. P.} and Birch, {H. J.} and Boast, {K. E.} and B. Boxer and P. Br{\'a}s and Buckley, {J. H.} and Bugaev, {V. V.} and S. Burdin and Busenitz, {J. K.} and R. Cabrita and C. Carels and Carlsmith, {D. L.} and Carmona-Benitez, {M. C.} and M. Cascella and C. Chan and Chott, {N. I.} and A. Cole and A. Cottle and Cutter, {J. E.} and Dahl, {C. E.} and {de Viveiros}, L. and Dobson, {J. E.Y.} and E. Druszkiewicz and Edberg, {T. K.} and Eriksen, {S. R.} and A. Fan and S. Fayer and S. Fiorucci and H. Flaecher and Fraser, {E. D.} and T. Fruth and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and J. Genovesi and C. Ghag and E. Gibson and Gilchriese, {M. G.D.} and S. Gokhale and {van der Grinten}, {M. G.D.} and Hall, {C. R.} and A. Harrison and Haselschwardt, {S. J.} and Hertel, {S. A.} and Hor, {J. Y.K.} and M. Horn and Huang, {D. Q.} and Ignarra, {C. M.} and O. Jahangir and W. Ji and J. Johnson and Kaboth, {A. C.} and Kamaha, {A. C.} and K. Kamdin and K. Kazkaz and D. Khaitan and A. Khazov and I. Khurana and Kocher, {C. D.} and L. Korley and Korolkova, {E. V.} and J. Kras and H. Kraus and S. Kravitz and L. Kreczko and B. Krikler and Kudryavtsev, {V. A.} and Leason, {E. A.} and J. Lee and Leonard, {D. S.} and Lesko, {K. T.} and C. Levy and J. Li and J. Liao and Liao, {F. T.} and J. Lin and A. Lindote and R. Linehan and Lippincott, {W. H.} and R. Liu and X. Liu and C. Loniewski and Lopes, {M. I.} and {L{\'o}pez Paredes}, B. and W. Lorenzon and S. Luitz and Lyle, {J. M.} and Majewski, {P. A.} and A. Manalaysay and L. Manenti and Mannino, {R. L.} and N. Marangou and Marzioni, {M. F.} and McKinsey, {D. N.} and J. McLaughlin and Y. Meng and Miller, {E. H.} and E. Mizrachi and A. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and Morad, {J. A.} and E. Morrison and Mount, {B. J.} and Murphy, {A. St J.} and D. Naim and A. Naylor and C. Nedlik and C. Nehrkorn and Nelson, {H. N.} and F. Neves and Nikoleyczik, {J. A.} and A. Nilima and I. Olcina and Oliver-Mallory, {K. C.} and S. Pal and Palladino, {K. J.} and J. Palmer and N. Parveen and Pease, {E. K.} and B. Penning and G. Pereira and A. Piepke and K. Pushkin and J. Reichenbacher and Rhyne, {C. A.} and A. Richards and Q. Riffard and Rischbieter, {G. R.C.} and R. Rosero and P. Rossiter and G. Rutherford and D. Santone and Sazzad, {A. B.M.R.} and Schnee, {R. W.} and M. Schubnell and Scovell, {P. R.} and D. Seymour and S. Shaw and Shutt, {T. A.} and Silk, {J. J.} and C. Silva and R. Smith and M. Solmaz and Solovov, {V. N.} and P. Sorensen and I. Stancu and A. Stevens and K. Stifter and Sumner, {T. J.} and N. Swanson and M. Szydagis and M. Tan and Taylor, {W. C.} and R. Taylor and Temples, {D. J.} and Terman, {P. A.} and Tiedt, {D. R.} and M. Timalsina and A. Tom{\'a}s and M. Tripathi and Tronstad, {D. R.} and W. Turner and L. Tvrznikova and U. Utku and A. Vacheret and A. Vaitkus and Wang, {J. J.} and W. Wang and Watson, {J. R.} and Webb, {R. C.} and White, {R. G.} and Whitis, {T. J.} and Wolfs, {F. L.H.} and D. Woodward and X. Xiang and J. Xu and M. Yeh and P. Zarzhitsky",

note = "Funding Information: The research supporting this work took place in whole or in part at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Funding for this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0020216, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0010010, DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0012161, DE-SC0014223, DE-FG02-13ER42020, DE-SC0009999, DE-NA0003180, DE-SC0011702, DESC0010072, DE-SC0015708, DE-SC0006605, DE-FG02-10ER46709, UW PRJ82AJ, DE-SC0013542, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0018982, DE-SC0019066, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DOE-SC0012447. This research was also supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council under award numbers, ST/M003655/1, ST/M003981/1, ST/M003744/1, ST/M003639/1, ST/M003604/1, and ST/M003469/1; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under award numbers PTDC/FIS-PAR/28567/2017; the Institute for Basic Science, Korea (budget numbers IBS-R016-D1); University College London and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory thank the U.K. Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE141517). We acknowledge additional support from the STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory in the U.K. the GridPP Collaboration [89,90], in particular at Imperial College London and additional support by the University College London (UCL) Cosmoparticle Initiative. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with the registration number SC005336. The assistance of SURF and its personnel in providing physical access and general logistical and technical support is acknowledged. Funding Information: We acknowledge additional support from the STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory in the U.K., the GridPP Collaboration [89,90] , in particular at Imperial College London and additional support by the University College London (UCL) Cosmoparticle Initiative. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with the registration number SC005336. The assistance of SURF and its personnel in providing physical access and general logistical and technical support is acknowledged. Funding Information: The research supporting this work took place in whole or in part at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Funding for this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0020216, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0010010, DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0012161, DE-SC0014223, DE-FG02-13ER42020, DE-SC0009999, DE-NA0003180, DE-SC0011702, DESC0010072, DE-SC0015708, DE-SC0006605, DE-FG02-10ER46709, UW PRJ82AJ, DE-SC0013542, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0018982, DE-SC0019066, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DOE-SC0012447. This research was also supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council under award numbers, ST/M003655/1, ST/M003981/1, ST/M003744/1, ST/M003639/1, ST/M003604/1, and ST/M003469/1; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under award numbers PTDC/FIS-PAR/28567/2017; the Institute for Basic Science, Korea (budget numbers IBS-R016-D1); University College London and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory thank the U.K. Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE141517). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "125",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Akerib, DS, Akerlof, CW, Alqahtani, A, Alsum, SK, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Bensinger, J, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Boast, KE, Boxer, B, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Bugaev, VV, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Cabrita, R, Carels, C, Carlsmith, DL, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Cottle, A, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, de Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edberg, TK, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gilchriese, MGD, Gokhale, S, van der Grinten, MGD, Hall, CR, Harrison, A, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hor, JYK, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kocher, CD, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kras, J, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Li, J, Liao, J, Liao, FT, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, R, Liu, X, Loniewski, C, Lopes, MI, López Paredes, B, Lorenzon, W, Luitz, S, Lyle, JM, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Manenti, L, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, McLaughlin, J, Meng, Y, Miller, EH, Mizrachi, E, Monte, A, Monzani, ME, Morad, JA, Morrison, E, Mount, BJ, Murphy, ASJ, Naim, D, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Nikoleyczik, JA, Nilima, A, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Pal, S, Palladino, KJ, Palmer, J, Parveen, N, Pease, EK, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Piepke, A, Pushkin, K, Reichenbacher, J, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, Rischbieter, GRC, Rosero, R, Rossiter, P, Rutherford, G, Santone, D, Sazzad, ABMR, Schnee, RW, Schubnell, M, Scovell, PR, Seymour, D, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silk, JJ, Silva, C, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stancu, I, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, Sumner, TJ, Swanson, N, Szydagis, M, Tan, M, Taylor, WC, Taylor, R, Temples, DJ, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, Tomás, A, Tripathi, M, Tronstad, DR, Turner, W, Tvrznikova, L, Utku, U, Vacheret, A, Vaitkus, A, Wang, JJ, Wang, W, Watson, JR, Webb, RC, White, RG, Whitis, TJ, Wolfs, FLH, Woodward, D, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yeh, M & Zarzhitsky, P 2021, 'Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 125, 102480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment. / Akerib, D. S.; Akerlof, C. W.; Alqahtani, A.; Alsum, S. K.; Anderson, T. J.; Angelides, N.; Araújo, H. M.; Armstrong, J. E.; Arthurs, M.; Bai, X.; Balajthy, J.; Balashov, S.; Bang, J.; Bauer, D.; Baxter, A.; Bensinger, J.; Bernard, E. P.; Bernstein, A.; Bhatti, A.; Biekert, A.; Biesiadzinski, T. P.; Birch, H. J.; Boast, K. E.; Boxer, B.; Brás, P.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V. V.; Burdin, S.; Busenitz, J. K.; Cabrita, R.; Carels, C.; Carlsmith, D. L.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Cascella, M.; Chan, C.; Chott, N. I.; Cole, A.; Cottle, A.; Cutter, J. E.; Dahl, C. E.; de Viveiros, L.; Dobson, J. E.Y.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Edberg, T. K.; Eriksen, S. R.; Fan, A.; Fayer, S.; Fiorucci, S.; Flaecher, H.; Fraser, E. D.; Fruth, T.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Genovesi, J.; Ghag, C.; Gibson, E.; Gilchriese, M. G.D.; Gokhale, S.; van der Grinten, M. G.D.; Hall, C. R.; Harrison, A.; Haselschwardt, S. J.; Hertel, S. A.; Hor, J. Y.K.; Horn, M.; Huang, D. Q.; Ignarra, C. M.; Jahangir, O.; Ji, W.; Johnson, J.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kamaha, A. C.; Kamdin, K.; Kazkaz, K.; Khaitan, D.; Khazov, A.; Khurana, I.; Kocher, C. D.; Korley, L.; Korolkova, E. V.; Kras, J.; Kraus, H.; Kravitz, S.; Kreczko, L.; Krikler, B.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Leason, E. A.; Lee, J.; Leonard, D. S.; Lesko, K. T.; Levy, C.; Li, J.; Liao, J.; Liao, F. T.; Lin, J.; Lindote, A.; Linehan, R.; Lippincott, W. H.; Liu, R.; Liu, X.; Loniewski, C.; Lopes, M. I.; López Paredes, B.; Lorenzon, W.; Luitz, S.; Lyle, J. M.; Majewski, P. A.; Manalaysay, A.; Manenti, L.; Mannino, R. L.; Marangou, N.; Marzioni, M. F.; McKinsey, D. N.; McLaughlin, J.; Meng, Y.; Miller, E. H.; Mizrachi, E.; Monte, A.; Monzani, M. E.; Morad, J. A.; Morrison, E.; Mount, B. J.; Murphy, A. St J.; Naim, D.; Naylor, A.; Nedlik, C.; Nehrkorn, C.; Nelson, H. N.; Neves, F.; Nikoleyczik, J. A.; Nilima, A.; Olcina, I.; Oliver-Mallory, K. C.; Pal, S.; Palladino, K. J.; Palmer, J.; Parveen, N.; Pease, E. K.; Penning, B.; Pereira, G.; Piepke, A.; Pushkin, K.; Reichenbacher, J.; Rhyne, C. A.; Richards, A.; Riffard, Q.; Rischbieter, G. R.C.; Rosero, R.; Rossiter, P.; Rutherford, G.; Santone, D.; Sazzad, A. B.M.R.; Schnee, R. W.; Schubnell, M.; Scovell, P. R.; Seymour, D.; Shaw, S.; Shutt, T. A.; Silk, J. J.; Silva, C.; Smith, R.; Solmaz, M.; Solovov, V. N.; Sorensen, P.; Stancu, I.; Stevens, A.; Stifter, K.; Sumner, T. J.; Swanson, N.; Szydagis, M.; Tan, M.; Taylor, W. C.; Taylor, R.; Temples, D. J.; Terman, P. A.; Tiedt, D. R.; Timalsina, M.; Tomás, A.; Tripathi, M.; Tronstad, D. R.; Turner, W.; Tvrznikova, L.; Utku, U.; Vacheret, A.; Vaitkus, A.; Wang, J. J.; Wang, W.; Watson, J. R.; Webb, R. C.; White, R. G.; Whitis, T. J.; Wolfs, F. L.H.; Woodward, D.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; Yeh, M.; Zarzhitsky, P.

In: Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 125, 102480, 02.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

AU - Akerib, D. S.

AU - Akerlof, C. W.

AU - Alqahtani, A.

AU - Alsum, S. K.

AU - Anderson, T. J.

AU - Angelides, N.

AU - Araújo, H. M.

AU - Armstrong, J. E.

AU - Arthurs, M.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Balajthy, J.

AU - Balashov, S.

AU - Bang, J.

AU - Bauer, D.

AU - Baxter, A.

AU - Bensinger, J.

AU - Bernard, E. P.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Bhatti, A.

AU - Biekert, A.

AU - Biesiadzinski, T. P.

AU - Birch, H. J.

AU - Boast, K. E.

AU - Boxer, B.

AU - Brás, P.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Bugaev, V. V.

AU - Burdin, S.

AU - Busenitz, J. K.

AU - Cabrita, R.

AU - Carels, C.

AU - Carlsmith, D. L.

AU - Carmona-Benitez, M. C.

AU - Cascella, M.

AU - Chan, C.

AU - Chott, N. I.

AU - Cole, A.

AU - Cottle, A.

AU - Cutter, J. E.

AU - Dahl, C. E.

AU - de Viveiros, L.

AU - Dobson, J. E.Y.

AU - Druszkiewicz, E.

AU - Edberg, T. K.

AU - Eriksen, S. R.

AU - Fan, A.

AU - Fayer, S.

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Flaecher, H.

AU - Fraser, E. D.

AU - Fruth, T.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Genovesi, J.

AU - Ghag, C.

AU - Gibson, E.

AU - Gilchriese, M. G.D.

AU - Gokhale, S.

AU - van der Grinten, M. G.D.

AU - Hall, C. R.

AU - Harrison, A.

AU - Haselschwardt, S. J.

AU - Hertel, S. A.

AU - Hor, J. Y.K.

AU - Horn, M.

AU - Huang, D. Q.

AU - Ignarra, C. M.

AU - Jahangir, O.

AU - Ji, W.

AU - Johnson, J.

AU - Kaboth, A. C.

AU - Kamaha, A. C.

AU - Kamdin, K.

AU - Kazkaz, K.

AU - Khaitan, D.

AU - Khazov, A.

AU - Khurana, I.

AU - Kocher, C. D.

AU - Korley, L.

AU - Korolkova, E. V.

AU - Kras, J.

AU - Kraus, H.

AU - Kravitz, S.

AU - Kreczko, L.

AU - Krikler, B.

AU - Kudryavtsev, V. A.

AU - Leason, E. A.

AU - Lee, J.

AU - Leonard, D. S.

AU - Lesko, K. T.

AU - Levy, C.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Liao, J.

AU - Liao, F. T.

AU - Lin, J.

AU - Lindote, A.

AU - Linehan, R.

AU - Lippincott, W. H.

AU - Liu, R.

AU - Liu, X.

AU - Loniewski, C.

AU - Lopes, M. I.

AU - López Paredes, B.

AU - Lorenzon, W.

AU - Luitz, S.

AU - Lyle, J. M.

AU - Majewski, P. A.

AU - Manalaysay, A.

AU - Manenti, L.

AU - Mannino, R. L.

AU - Marangou, N.

AU - Marzioni, M. F.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - McLaughlin, J.

AU - Meng, Y.

AU - Miller, E. H.

AU - Mizrachi, E.

AU - Monte, A.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morad, J. A.

AU - Morrison, E.

AU - Mount, B. J.

AU - Murphy, A. St J.

AU - Naim, D.

AU - Naylor, A.

AU - Nedlik, C.

AU - Nehrkorn, C.

AU - Nelson, H. N.

AU - Neves, F.

AU - Nikoleyczik, J. A.

AU - Nilima, A.

AU - Olcina, I.

AU - Oliver-Mallory, K. C.

AU - Pal, S.

AU - Palladino, K. J.

AU - Palmer, J.

AU - Parveen, N.

AU - Pease, E. K.

AU - Penning, B.

AU - Pereira, G.

AU - Piepke, A.

AU - Pushkin, K.

AU - Reichenbacher, J.

AU - Rhyne, C. A.

AU - Richards, A.

AU - Riffard, Q.

AU - Rischbieter, G. R.C.

AU - Rosero, R.

AU - Rossiter, P.

AU - Rutherford, G.

AU - Santone, D.

AU - Sazzad, A. B.M.R.

AU - Schnee, R. W.

AU - Schubnell, M.

AU - Scovell, P. R.

AU - Seymour, D.

AU - Shaw, S.

AU - Shutt, T. A.

AU - Silk, J. J.

AU - Silva, C.

AU - Smith, R.

AU - Solmaz, M.

AU - Solovov, V. N.

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Stancu, I.

AU - Stevens, A.

AU - Stifter, K.

AU - Sumner, T. J.

AU - Swanson, N.

AU - Szydagis, M.

AU - Tan, M.

AU - Taylor, W. C.

AU - Taylor, R.

AU - Temples, D. J.

AU - Terman, P. A.

AU - Tiedt, D. R.

AU - Timalsina, M.

AU - Tomás, A.

AU - Tripathi, M.

AU - Tronstad, D. R.

AU - Turner, W.

AU - Tvrznikova, L.

AU - Utku, U.

AU - Vacheret, A.

AU - Vaitkus, A.

AU - Wang, J. J.

AU - Wang, W.

AU - Watson, J. R.

AU - Webb, R. C.

AU - White, R. G.

AU - Whitis, T. J.

AU - Wolfs, F. L.H.

AU - Woodward, D.

AU - Xiang, X.

AU - Xu, J.

AU - Yeh, M.

AU - Zarzhitsky, P.

N1 - Funding Information: The research supporting this work took place in whole or in part at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Funding for this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0020216, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0010010, DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0012161, DE-SC0014223, DE-FG02-13ER42020, DE-SC0009999, DE-NA0003180, DE-SC0011702, DESC0010072, DE-SC0015708, DE-SC0006605, DE-FG02-10ER46709, UW PRJ82AJ, DE-SC0013542, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0018982, DE-SC0019066, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DOE-SC0012447. This research was also supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council under award numbers, ST/M003655/1, ST/M003981/1, ST/M003744/1, ST/M003639/1, ST/M003604/1, and ST/M003469/1; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under award numbers PTDC/FIS-PAR/28567/2017; the Institute for Basic Science, Korea (budget numbers IBS-R016-D1); University College London and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory thank the U.K. Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE141517). We acknowledge additional support from the STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory in the U.K. the GridPP Collaboration [89,90], in particular at Imperial College London and additional support by the University College London (UCL) Cosmoparticle Initiative. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with the registration number SC005336. The assistance of SURF and its personnel in providing physical access and general logistical and technical support is acknowledged. Funding Information: We acknowledge additional support from the STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory in the U.K., the GridPP Collaboration [89,90] , in particular at Imperial College London and additional support by the University College London (UCL) Cosmoparticle Initiative. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with the registration number SC005336. The assistance of SURF and its personnel in providing physical access and general logistical and technical support is acknowledged. Funding Information: The research supporting this work took place in whole or in part at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Funding for this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0020216, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0010010, DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0012161, DE-SC0014223, DE-FG02-13ER42020, DE-SC0009999, DE-NA0003180, DE-SC0011702, DESC0010072, DE-SC0015708, DE-SC0006605, DE-FG02-10ER46709, UW PRJ82AJ, DE-SC0013542, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0018982, DE-SC0019066, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DOE-SC0012447. This research was also supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council under award numbers, ST/M003655/1, ST/M003981/1, ST/M003744/1, ST/M003639/1, ST/M003604/1, and ST/M003469/1; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under award numbers PTDC/FIS-PAR/28567/2017; the Institute for Basic Science, Korea (budget numbers IBS-R016-D1); University College London and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory thank the U.K. Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE141517). Publisher Copyright: © 2020

PY - 2021/2

Y1 - 2021/2

N2 - The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1–2)×10−12 pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c2. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data.

AB - The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1–2)×10−12 pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c2. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091764386&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091764386&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85091764386

VL - 125

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

SN - 0927-6505

M1 - 102480

ER -

Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

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