@article{7d5a348b609243fd9b2b5f6b5feaf2d1,
title = "Simultaneous Bottom-Up Interfacial and Bulk Defect Passivation in Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells using Nonconjugated Small-Molecule Electrolytes",
abstract = "Recent perovskite solar cell (PSC) advances have pursued strategies for reducing interfacial energetic mismatches to mitigate energy losses, as well as to minimize interfacial and bulk defects and ion vacancies to maximize charge transfer. Here nonconjugated multi-zwitterionic small-molecule electrolytes (NSEs) are introduced, which act not only as charge-extracting layers for barrier-free charge collection at planar triple cation PSC cathodes but also passivate charged defects at the perovskite bulk/interface via a spontaneous bottom-up passivation effect. Implementing these synergistic properties affords NSE-based planar PSCs that deliver a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 21.18% with a maximum VOC = 1.19 V, in combination with suppressed hysteresis and enhanced environmental, thermal, and light-soaking stability. Thus, this work demonstrates that the bottom-up, simultaneous interfacial and bulk trap passivation using NSE modifiers is a promising strategy to overcome outstanding issues impeding further PSC advances.",
keywords = "bottom-up passivation, electron-transport layer, perovskite solar cells, zwitterions",
author = "Ding Zheng and Ruixiang Peng and Gang Wang and Logsdon, {Jenna Leigh} and Binghao Wang and Xiaobing Hu and Yao Chen and Dravid, {Vinayak P.} and Wasielewski, {Michael R.} and Junsheng Yu and Wei Huang and Ziyi Ge and Marks, {Tobin J.} and Antonio Facchetti",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported as part of the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0001059 (JLL, TJM, MRW spectroscopy). The authors also thank the Northwestern University MRSEC under NSF grant DMR-1720139 for use of the J. B. Cohen X-ray Diffraction Facility, EPIC facility, Keck-II facility, and SPID facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University (XH, VPD, TEM, and EDS), which also received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSFECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSFDMR-1720139); the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois. R.P. and Z.G. thank the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFE0106000), CAS Key Project of International Cooperation (174433KYSB20160065), and Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (2015B11002 and 2016B10005) for support (synthesis and characterization). D.Z. and J.Y. thank the National Key R&D Program of China (grant no. 2018YFB0407102), the Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant nos. 61421002, 61675041, and 51703019), and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (grant nos. 2019YFH0005, 2019YFG0121, and 2019YJ0178) for support (synthesis and characterization). D.Z. thanks the joint-Ph.D. program supported by the China Scholarship Council (no. 201706070042) for a fellowship. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/adma.201903239",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "31",
journal = "Advanced Materials",
issn = "0935-9648",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "40",
}