SN 2019ehk: A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features

Wynn V. Jacobson-Galán; Raffaella Margutti; Charles D. Kilpatrick; Daichi Hiramatsu; Hagai Perets; David Khatami; Ryan J. Foley; John Raymond; Sung Chul Yoon; Alexey Bobrick; Yossef Zenati; Lluís Galbany; Jennifer Andrews; Peter J. Brown; Régis Cartier; Deanne L. Coppejans; Georgios Dimitriadis; Matthew Dobson; Aprajita Hajela; D. Andrew Howell; Hanindyo Kuncarayakti; Danny Milisavljevic; Mohammed Rahman; César Rojas-Bravo; David J. Sand; Joel Shepherd; Stephen J. Smartt; Holland Stacey; Michael Stroh; Jonathan J. Swift; Giacomo Terreran; Jozsef Vinko; Xiaofeng Wang; Joseph P. Anderson; Edward A. Baron; Edo Berger; Peter K. Blanchard; Jamison Burke; David A. Coulter; Lindsay DeMarchi; James M. DerKacy; Christoffer Fremling; Sebastian Gomez; Mariusz Gromadzki; Griffin Hosseinzadeh; Daniel Kasen; Levente Kriskovics; Curtis McCully; Tomás E. Müller-Bravo; Matt Nicholl; András Ordasi; Craig Pellegrino; Anthony L. Piro; András Pál; Juanjuan Ren; Armin Rest; R. Michael Rich; Hanna Sai; Krisztián Sárneczky; Ken J. Shen; Philip Short; Matthew Siebert; Candice Stauffer; Róbert Szakáts; Xinhan Zhang; Jujia Zhang; Kaicheng Zhang

SN 2019ehk: A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features

Wynn V. Jacobson-Galán^*, Raffaella Margutti, Charles D. Kilpatrick, Daichi Hiramatsu, Hagai Perets, David Khatami, Ryan J. Foley, John Raymond, Sung Chul Yoon, Alexey Bobrick, Yossef Zenati, Lluís Galbany, Jennifer Andrews, Peter J. Brown, Régis Cartier, Deanne L. Coppejans, Georgios Dimitriadis, Matthew Dobson, Aprajita Hajela, D. Andrew HowellHanindyo Kuncarayakti, Danny Milisavljevic, Mohammed Rahman, César Rojas-Bravo, David J. Sand, Joel Shepherd, Stephen J. Smartt, Holland Stacey, Michael Stroh, Jonathan J. Swift, Giacomo Terreran, Jozsef Vinko, Xiaofeng Wang, Joseph P. Anderson, Edward A. Baron, Edo Berger, Peter K. Blanchard, Jamison Burke, David A. Coulter, Lindsay DeMarchi, James M. DerKacy, Christoffer Fremling, Sebastian Gomez, Mariusz Gromadzki, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Daniel Kasen, Levente Kriskovics, Curtis McCully, Tomás E. Müller-Bravo, Matt Nicholl, András Ordasi, Craig Pellegrino, Anthony L. Piro, András Pál, Juanjuan Ren, Armin Rest, R. Michael Rich, Hanna Sai, Krisztián Sárneczky, Ken J. Shen, Philip Short, Matthew Siebert, Candice Stauffer, Róbert Szakáts, Xinhan Zhang, Jujia Zhang, Kaicheng Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present panchromatic observations and modeling of the Calcium-rich supernova (SN) 2019ehk in the star-forming galaxy M100 (d≈16.2 Mpc) starting 10 hours after explosion and continuing for ∼ 300 days. SN 2019ehk shows a double-peaked optical light curve peaking at t = 3 and 15 days. The first peak is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying Swift-XRT discovered X-ray emission (L_x ≈ 10⁴¹ erg s⁻¹ at 3 days; L_x ∝ t⁻³), and a Shane/Kast spectral detection of narrow Hα and He ii emission lines (v ≈ 500 km s⁻¹) originating from pre-existent circumstellar material (CSM). We attribute this phenomenology to radiation from shock interaction with extended, dense material surrounding the progenitor star at r < 10¹⁵ cm and the resulting cooling emission. We calculate a total CSM mass of ∼ 7 × 10⁻³ M☉ (M_He/M_H ≈ 6) with particle density n ≈ 10⁹ cm⁻³. Radio observations indicate a significantly lower density n < 10⁴ cm⁻³ at larger radii r > (0.1 − 1) × 10¹⁷ cm. The photometric and spectroscopic properties during the second light curve peak are consistent with those of Ca-rich transients (rise-time of t_r = 13.4 ± 0.210 days and a peak B-band magnitude of M_B = −15.1 ± 0.200 mag). We find that SN 2019ehk synthesized (3.1 ± 0.11) × 10⁻² M☉ of ⁵⁶Ni and ejected M_ej = (0.72 ± 0.040) M total with a kinetic energy E_k = (1.8 ± 0.10) × 10⁵⁰ erg. Finally, deep HST pre-explosion imaging at the SN site constrains the parameter space of viable stellar progenitors to massive stars in the lowest mass bin (∼ 10 M☉) in binaries that lost most of their He envelope or white dwarfs (WDs). The explosion and environment properties of SN 2019ehk further restrict the potential WD progenitor systems to low-mass hybrid HeCO WD + CO WD binaries.

Original language	English (US)
Journal	Unknown Journal
State	Published - May 4 2020

Keywords

Supernovae: individual (SN 2019ehk)
Supernovae:general
Surveys
White dwarfs
X-rays

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

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Jacobson-Galán, W. V., Margutti, R., Kilpatrick, C. D., Hiramatsu, D., Perets, H., Khatami, D., Foley, R. J., Raymond, J., Yoon, S. C., Bobrick, A., Zenati, Y., Galbany, L., Andrews, J., Brown, P. J., Cartier, R., Coppejans, D. L., Dimitriadis, G., Dobson, M., Hajela, A., ... Zhang, K. (2020). SN 2019ehk: A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features. Unknown Journal.

Jacobson-Galán, Wynn V. ; Margutti, Raffaella ; Kilpatrick, Charles D. ; Hiramatsu, Daichi ; Perets, Hagai ; Khatami, David ; Foley, Ryan J. ; Raymond, John ; Yoon, Sung Chul ; Bobrick, Alexey ; Zenati, Yossef ; Galbany, Lluís ; Andrews, Jennifer ; Brown, Peter J. ; Cartier, Régis ; Coppejans, Deanne L. ; Dimitriadis, Georgios ; Dobson, Matthew ; Hajela, Aprajita ; Andrew Howell, D. ; Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo ; Milisavljevic, Danny ; Rahman, Mohammed ; Rojas-Bravo, César ; Sand, David J. ; Shepherd, Joel ; Smartt, Stephen J. ; Stacey, Holland ; Stroh, Michael ; Swift, Jonathan J. ; Terreran, Giacomo ; Vinko, Jozsef ; Wang, Xiaofeng ; Anderson, Joseph P. ; Baron, Edward A. ; Berger, Edo ; Blanchard, Peter K. ; Burke, Jamison ; Coulter, David A. ; DeMarchi, Lindsay ; DerKacy, James M. ; Fremling, Christoffer ; Gomez, Sebastian ; Gromadzki, Mariusz ; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin ; Kasen, Daniel ; Kriskovics, Levente ; McCully, Curtis ; Müller-Bravo, Tomás E. ; Nicholl, Matt ; Ordasi, András ; Pellegrino, Craig ; Piro, Anthony L. ; Pál, András ; Ren, Juanjuan ; Rest, Armin ; Michael Rich, R. ; Sai, Hanna ; Sárneczky, Krisztián ; Shen, Ken J. ; Short, Philip ; Siebert, Matthew ; Stauffer, Candice ; Szakáts, Róbert ; Zhang, Xinhan ; Zhang, Jujia ; Zhang, Kaicheng. / SN 2019ehk : A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features. In: Unknown Journal. 2020.

@article{f035015c24c744d48cdefd9af4741474,

title = "SN 2019ehk: A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features",

abstract = "We present panchromatic observations and modeling of the Calcium-rich supernova (SN) 2019ehk in the star-forming galaxy M100 (d≈16.2 Mpc) starting 10 hours after explosion and continuing for ∼ 300 days. SN 2019ehk shows a double-peaked optical light curve peaking at t = 3 and 15 days. The first peak is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying Swift-XRT discovered X-ray emission (Lx ≈ 1041 erg s−1 at 3 days; Lx ∝ t−3), and a Shane/Kast spectral detection of narrow Hα and He ii emission lines (v ≈ 500 km s−1) originating from pre-existent circumstellar material (CSM). We attribute this phenomenology to radiation from shock interaction with extended, dense material surrounding the progenitor star at r < 1015 cm and the resulting cooling emission. We calculate a total CSM mass of ∼ 7 × 10−3 M☉ (MHe/MH ≈ 6) with particle density n ≈ 109 cm−3. Radio observations indicate a significantly lower density n < 104 cm−3 at larger radii r > (0.1 − 1) × 1017 cm. The photometric and spectroscopic properties during the second light curve peak are consistent with those of Ca-rich transients (rise-time of tr = 13.4 ± 0.210 days and a peak B-band magnitude of MB = −15.1 ± 0.200 mag). We find that SN 2019ehk synthesized (3.1 ± 0.11) × 10−2 M☉ of 56Ni and ejected Mej = (0.72 ± 0.040) M total with a kinetic energy Ek = (1.8 ± 0.10) × 1050 erg. Finally, deep HST pre-explosion imaging at the SN site constrains the parameter space of viable stellar progenitors to massive stars in the lowest mass bin (∼ 10 M☉) in binaries that lost most of their He envelope or white dwarfs (WDs). The explosion and environment properties of SN 2019ehk further restrict the potential WD progenitor systems to low-mass hybrid HeCO WD + CO WD binaries.",

keywords = "Supernovae: individual (SN 2019ehk), Supernovae:general, Surveys, White dwarfs, X-rays",

author = "Jacobson-Gal{\'a}n, {Wynn V.} and Raffaella Margutti and Kilpatrick, {Charles D.} and Daichi Hiramatsu and Hagai Perets and David Khatami and Foley, {Ryan J.} and John Raymond and Yoon, {Sung Chul} and Alexey Bobrick and Yossef Zenati and Llu{\'i}s Galbany and Jennifer Andrews and Brown, {Peter J.} and R{\'e}gis Cartier and Coppejans, {Deanne L.} and Georgios Dimitriadis and Matthew Dobson and Aprajita Hajela and {Andrew Howell}, D. and Hanindyo Kuncarayakti and Danny Milisavljevic and Mohammed Rahman and C{\'e}sar Rojas-Bravo and Sand, {David J.} and Joel Shepherd and Smartt, {Stephen J.} and Holland Stacey and Michael Stroh and Swift, {Jonathan J.} and Giacomo Terreran and Jozsef Vinko and Xiaofeng Wang and Anderson, {Joseph P.} and Baron, {Edward A.} and Edo Berger and Blanchard, {Peter K.} and Jamison Burke and Coulter, {David A.} and Lindsay DeMarchi and DerKacy, {James M.} and Christoffer Fremling and Sebastian Gomez and Mariusz Gromadzki and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and Daniel Kasen and Levente Kriskovics and Curtis McCully and M{\"u}ller-Bravo, {Tom{\'a}s E.} and Matt Nicholl and Andr{\'a}s Ordasi and Craig Pellegrino and Piro, {Anthony L.} and Andr{\'a}s P{\'a}l and Juanjuan Ren and Armin Rest and {Michael Rich}, R. and Hanna Sai and Kriszti{\'a}n S{\'a}rneczky and Shen, {Ken J.} and Philip Short and Matthew Siebert and Candice Stauffer and R{\'o}bert Szak{\'a}ts and Xinhan Zhang and Jujia Zhang and Kaicheng Zhang",

year = "2020",

month = may,

day = "4",

language = "English (US)",

journal = "Free Radical Biology and Medicine",

issn = "0891-5849",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

}

Jacobson-Galán, WV, Margutti, R, Kilpatrick, CD, Hiramatsu, D, Perets, H, Khatami, D, Foley, RJ, Raymond, J, Yoon, SC, Bobrick, A, Zenati, Y, Galbany, L, Andrews, J, Brown, PJ, Cartier, R, Coppejans, DL, Dimitriadis, G, Dobson, M, Hajela, A, Andrew Howell, D, Kuncarayakti, H, Milisavljevic, D, Rahman, M, Rojas-Bravo, C, Sand, DJ, Shepherd, J, Smartt, SJ, Stacey, H, Stroh, M, Swift, JJ, Terreran, G, Vinko, J, Wang, X, Anderson, JP, Baron, EA, Berger, E, Blanchard, PK, Burke, J, Coulter, DA, DeMarchi, L, DerKacy, JM, Fremling, C, Gomez, S, Gromadzki, M, Hosseinzadeh, G, Kasen, D, Kriskovics, L, McCully, C, Müller-Bravo, TE, Nicholl, M, Ordasi, A, Pellegrino, C, Piro, AL, Pál, A, Ren, J, Rest, A, Michael Rich, R, Sai, H, Sárneczky, K, Shen, KJ, Short, P, Siebert, M, Stauffer, C, Szakáts, R, Zhang, X, Zhang, J & Zhang, K 2020, 'SN 2019ehk: A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features', Unknown Journal.

SN 2019ehk : A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features. / Jacobson-Galán, Wynn V.; Margutti, Raffaella; Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Hiramatsu, Daichi; Perets, Hagai; Khatami, David; Foley, Ryan J.; Raymond, John; Yoon, Sung Chul; Bobrick, Alexey; Zenati, Yossef; Galbany, Lluís; Andrews, Jennifer; Brown, Peter J.; Cartier, Régis; Coppejans, Deanne L.; Dimitriadis, Georgios; Dobson, Matthew; Hajela, Aprajita; Andrew Howell, D.; Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Milisavljevic, Danny; Rahman, Mohammed; Rojas-Bravo, César; Sand, David J.; Shepherd, Joel; Smartt, Stephen J.; Stacey, Holland; Stroh, Michael; Swift, Jonathan J.; Terreran, Giacomo; Vinko, Jozsef; Wang, Xiaofeng; Anderson, Joseph P.; Baron, Edward A.; Berger, Edo; Blanchard, Peter K.; Burke, Jamison; Coulter, David A.; DeMarchi, Lindsay; DerKacy, James M.; Fremling, Christoffer; Gomez, Sebastian; Gromadzki, Mariusz; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Kasen, Daniel; Kriskovics, Levente; McCully, Curtis; Müller-Bravo, Tomás E.; Nicholl, Matt; Ordasi, András; Pellegrino, Craig; Piro, Anthony L.; Pál, András; Ren, Juanjuan; Rest, Armin; Michael Rich, R.; Sai, Hanna; Sárneczky, Krisztián; Shen, Ken J.; Short, Philip; Siebert, Matthew; Stauffer, Candice; Szakáts, Róbert; Zhang, Xinhan; Zhang, Jujia; Zhang, Kaicheng.

In: Unknown Journal, 04.05.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - SN 2019ehk

T2 - A double-peaked Ca-rich transient with luminous X-ray emission and shock-ionized spectral features

AU - Jacobson-Galán, Wynn V.

AU - Margutti, Raffaella

AU - Kilpatrick, Charles D.

AU - Hiramatsu, Daichi

AU - Perets, Hagai

AU - Khatami, David

AU - Foley, Ryan J.

AU - Raymond, John

AU - Yoon, Sung Chul

AU - Bobrick, Alexey

AU - Zenati, Yossef

AU - Galbany, Lluís

AU - Andrews, Jennifer

AU - Brown, Peter J.

AU - Cartier, Régis

AU - Coppejans, Deanne L.

AU - Dimitriadis, Georgios

AU - Dobson, Matthew

AU - Hajela, Aprajita

AU - Andrew Howell, D.

AU - Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo

AU - Milisavljevic, Danny

AU - Rahman, Mohammed

AU - Rojas-Bravo, César

AU - Sand, David J.

AU - Shepherd, Joel

AU - Smartt, Stephen J.

AU - Stacey, Holland

AU - Stroh, Michael

AU - Swift, Jonathan J.

AU - Terreran, Giacomo

AU - Vinko, Jozsef

AU - Wang, Xiaofeng

AU - Anderson, Joseph P.

AU - Baron, Edward A.

AU - Berger, Edo

AU - Blanchard, Peter K.

AU - Burke, Jamison

AU - Coulter, David A.

AU - DeMarchi, Lindsay

AU - DerKacy, James M.

AU - Fremling, Christoffer

AU - Gomez, Sebastian

AU - Gromadzki, Mariusz

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Griffin

AU - Kasen, Daniel

AU - Kriskovics, Levente

AU - McCully, Curtis

AU - Müller-Bravo, Tomás E.

AU - Nicholl, Matt

AU - Ordasi, András

AU - Pellegrino, Craig

AU - Piro, Anthony L.

AU - Pál, András

AU - Ren, Juanjuan

AU - Rest, Armin

AU - Michael Rich, R.

AU - Sai, Hanna

AU - Sárneczky, Krisztián

AU - Shen, Ken J.

AU - Short, Philip

AU - Siebert, Matthew

AU - Stauffer, Candice

AU - Szakáts, Róbert

AU - Zhang, Xinhan

AU - Zhang, Jujia

AU - Zhang, Kaicheng

PY - 2020/5/4

Y1 - 2020/5/4

N2 - We present panchromatic observations and modeling of the Calcium-rich supernova (SN) 2019ehk in the star-forming galaxy M100 (d≈16.2 Mpc) starting 10 hours after explosion and continuing for ∼ 300 days. SN 2019ehk shows a double-peaked optical light curve peaking at t = 3 and 15 days. The first peak is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying Swift-XRT discovered X-ray emission (Lx ≈ 1041 erg s−1 at 3 days; Lx ∝ t−3), and a Shane/Kast spectral detection of narrow Hα and He ii emission lines (v ≈ 500 km s−1) originating from pre-existent circumstellar material (CSM). We attribute this phenomenology to radiation from shock interaction with extended, dense material surrounding the progenitor star at r < 1015 cm and the resulting cooling emission. We calculate a total CSM mass of ∼ 7 × 10−3 M☉ (MHe/MH ≈ 6) with particle density n ≈ 109 cm−3. Radio observations indicate a significantly lower density n < 104 cm−3 at larger radii r > (0.1 − 1) × 1017 cm. The photometric and spectroscopic properties during the second light curve peak are consistent with those of Ca-rich transients (rise-time of tr = 13.4 ± 0.210 days and a peak B-band magnitude of MB = −15.1 ± 0.200 mag). We find that SN 2019ehk synthesized (3.1 ± 0.11) × 10−2 M☉ of 56Ni and ejected Mej = (0.72 ± 0.040) M total with a kinetic energy Ek = (1.8 ± 0.10) × 1050 erg. Finally, deep HST pre-explosion imaging at the SN site constrains the parameter space of viable stellar progenitors to massive stars in the lowest mass bin (∼ 10 M☉) in binaries that lost most of their He envelope or white dwarfs (WDs). The explosion and environment properties of SN 2019ehk further restrict the potential WD progenitor systems to low-mass hybrid HeCO WD + CO WD binaries.

AB - We present panchromatic observations and modeling of the Calcium-rich supernova (SN) 2019ehk in the star-forming galaxy M100 (d≈16.2 Mpc) starting 10 hours after explosion and continuing for ∼ 300 days. SN 2019ehk shows a double-peaked optical light curve peaking at t = 3 and 15 days. The first peak is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying Swift-XRT discovered X-ray emission (Lx ≈ 1041 erg s−1 at 3 days; Lx ∝ t−3), and a Shane/Kast spectral detection of narrow Hα and He ii emission lines (v ≈ 500 km s−1) originating from pre-existent circumstellar material (CSM). We attribute this phenomenology to radiation from shock interaction with extended, dense material surrounding the progenitor star at r < 1015 cm and the resulting cooling emission. We calculate a total CSM mass of ∼ 7 × 10−3 M☉ (MHe/MH ≈ 6) with particle density n ≈ 109 cm−3. Radio observations indicate a significantly lower density n < 104 cm−3 at larger radii r > (0.1 − 1) × 1017 cm. The photometric and spectroscopic properties during the second light curve peak are consistent with those of Ca-rich transients (rise-time of tr = 13.4 ± 0.210 days and a peak B-band magnitude of MB = −15.1 ± 0.200 mag). We find that SN 2019ehk synthesized (3.1 ± 0.11) × 10−2 M☉ of 56Ni and ejected Mej = (0.72 ± 0.040) M total with a kinetic energy Ek = (1.8 ± 0.10) × 1050 erg. Finally, deep HST pre-explosion imaging at the SN site constrains the parameter space of viable stellar progenitors to massive stars in the lowest mass bin (∼ 10 M☉) in binaries that lost most of their He envelope or white dwarfs (WDs). The explosion and environment properties of SN 2019ehk further restrict the potential WD progenitor systems to low-mass hybrid HeCO WD + CO WD binaries.

KW - Supernovae: individual (SN 2019ehk)

KW - Supernovae:general

KW - Surveys

KW - White dwarfs

KW - X-rays

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095014434&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85095014434&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85095014434

JO - Free Radical Biology and Medicine

JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine

SN - 0891-5849

ER -