TY - JOUR
T1 - Soft, skin-integrated multifunctional microfluidic systems for accurate colorimetric analysis of sweat biomarkers and temperature
AU - Choi, Jungil
AU - Bandodkar, Amay J.
AU - Reeder, Jonathan T.
AU - Ray, Tyler R.
AU - Turnquist, Amelia
AU - Kim, Sung Bong
AU - Nyberg, Nathaniel
AU - Hourlier-Fargette, Aurélie
AU - Model, Jeffrey B.
AU - Aranyosi, Alexander J.
AU - Xu, Shuai
AU - Ghaffari, Roozbeh
AU - Rogers, John A.
PY - 2019/2/22
Y1 - 2019/2/22
N2 - Real-Time measurements of the total loss of sweat, the rate of sweating, the temperature of sweat, and the concentrations of electrolytes and metabolites in sweat can provide important insights into human physiology. Conventional methods use manual collection processes (e.g., absorbent pads) to determine sweat loss and lab-based instrumentation to analyze its chemical composition. Although such schemes can yield accurate data, they cannot be used outside of laboratories or clinics. Recently reported wearable electrochemical devices for sweat sensing bypass these limitations, but they typically involve on-board electronics, electrodes, and/or batteries for measurement, signal processing, and wireless transmission, without direct means for measuring sweat loss or capturing and storing small volumes of sweat. Alternative approaches exploit soft, skin-integrated microfluidic systems for collection and colorimetric chemical techniques for analysis. Here, we present the most advanced platforms of this type, in which optimized chemistries, microfluidic designs, and device layouts enable accurate assessments not only of total loss of sweat and sweat rate but also of quantitatively accurate values of the pH and temperature of sweat, and of the concentrations of chloride, glucose, and lactate across physiologically relevant ranges. Color calibration markings integrated into a graphics overlayer allow precise readout by digital image analysis, applicable in various lighting conditions. Field studies conducted on healthy volunteers demonstrate the full capabilities in measuring sweat loss/rate and analyzing multiple sweat biomarkers and temperature, with performance that quantitatively matches that of conventional lab-based measurement systems.
AB - Real-Time measurements of the total loss of sweat, the rate of sweating, the temperature of sweat, and the concentrations of electrolytes and metabolites in sweat can provide important insights into human physiology. Conventional methods use manual collection processes (e.g., absorbent pads) to determine sweat loss and lab-based instrumentation to analyze its chemical composition. Although such schemes can yield accurate data, they cannot be used outside of laboratories or clinics. Recently reported wearable electrochemical devices for sweat sensing bypass these limitations, but they typically involve on-board electronics, electrodes, and/or batteries for measurement, signal processing, and wireless transmission, without direct means for measuring sweat loss or capturing and storing small volumes of sweat. Alternative approaches exploit soft, skin-integrated microfluidic systems for collection and colorimetric chemical techniques for analysis. Here, we present the most advanced platforms of this type, in which optimized chemistries, microfluidic designs, and device layouts enable accurate assessments not only of total loss of sweat and sweat rate but also of quantitatively accurate values of the pH and temperature of sweat, and of the concentrations of chloride, glucose, and lactate across physiologically relevant ranges. Color calibration markings integrated into a graphics overlayer allow precise readout by digital image analysis, applicable in various lighting conditions. Field studies conducted on healthy volunteers demonstrate the full capabilities in measuring sweat loss/rate and analyzing multiple sweat biomarkers and temperature, with performance that quantitatively matches that of conventional lab-based measurement systems.
KW - capillary bursting valve
KW - colorimetric
KW - epidermal
KW - microfluidics
KW - sweat
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061235702&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85061235702&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acssensors.8b01218
DO - 10.1021/acssensors.8b01218
M3 - Article
C2 - 30707572
AN - SCOPUS:85061235702
VL - 4
SP - 379
EP - 388
JO - ACS Sensors
JF - ACS Sensors
SN - 2379-3694
IS - 2
ER -