Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat

Amay J. Bandodkar; Jungil Choi; Stephen P. Lee; William J. Jeang; Prophecy Agyare; Philipp Gutruf; Siqing Wang; Rebecca A. Sponenburg; Jonathan T. Reeder; Stephanie Schon; Tyler R. Ray; Shulin Chen; Sunita Mehta; Savanna Ruiz; John A. Rogers

doi:10.1002/adma.201902109

Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat

Amay J. Bandodkar, Jungil Choi, Stephen P. Lee, William J. Jeang, Prophecy Agyare, Philipp Gutruf, Siqing Wang, Rebecca A. Sponenburg, Jonathan T. Reeder, Stephanie Schon, Tyler R. Ray, Shulin Chen, Sunita Mehta, Savanna Ruiz, John A. Rogers^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

71 Scopus citations

Abstract

Comprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin-integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time-dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin-interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat-activated “stopwatches” that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near-field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time-stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time-dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1902109
Journal	Advanced Materials
Volume	31
Issue number	32
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902109
State	Published - Aug 2019

Funding

A.J.B., J.C., and S.P.L. contributed equally to this work. This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Human Signatures Branch through Core funds provided to Northwestern University under contract FA8650-14-D-6516. This work utilized Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which is partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-1720139), the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. Metal analysis was performed at the Northwestern University Quantitative Bio-element Imaging Center generously supported by NASA Ames Research Center (Grant No.: NNA04CC36G). S.M. acknowledges support from Indo-U.S. Science and Technology Forum (Grant No.: SERB-IUSSTF-2017/192).

Keywords

colorimetry
galvanic cells
microfluidics
sweat sensing
wireless electronics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1002/adma.201902109

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Bandodkar, A. J., Choi, J., Lee, S. P., Jeang, W. J., Agyare, P., Gutruf, P., Wang, S., Sponenburg, R. A., Reeder, J. T., Schon, S., Ray, T. R., Chen, S., Mehta, S., Ruiz, S., & Rogers, J. A. (2019). Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat. Advanced Materials, 31(32), Article 1902109. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902109

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title = "Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat",

abstract = "Comprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin-integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time-dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin-interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat-activated “stopwatches” that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near-field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time-stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time-dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.",

keywords = "colorimetry, galvanic cells, microfluidics, sweat sensing, wireless electronics",

author = "Bandodkar, {Amay J.} and Jungil Choi and Lee, {Stephen P.} and Jeang, {William J.} and Prophecy Agyare and Philipp Gutruf and Siqing Wang and Sponenburg, {Rebecca A.} and Reeder, {Jonathan T.} and Stephanie Schon and Ray, {Tyler R.} and Shulin Chen and Sunita Mehta and Savanna Ruiz and Rogers, {John A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1002/adma.201902109",

language = "English (US)",

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Bandodkar, AJ, Choi, J, Lee, SP, Jeang, WJ, Agyare, P, Gutruf, P, Wang, S, Sponenburg, RA, Reeder, JT, Schon, S, Ray, TR, Chen, S, Mehta, S, Ruiz, S & Rogers, JA 2019, 'Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat', Advanced Materials, vol. 31, no. 32, 1902109. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902109

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T1 - Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat

AU - Bandodkar, Amay J.

AU - Choi, Jungil

AU - Lee, Stephen P.

AU - Jeang, William J.

AU - Agyare, Prophecy

AU - Gutruf, Philipp

AU - Wang, Siqing

AU - Sponenburg, Rebecca A.

AU - Reeder, Jonathan T.

AU - Schon, Stephanie

AU - Ray, Tyler R.

AU - Chen, Shulin

AU - Mehta, Sunita

AU - Ruiz, Savanna

AU - Rogers, John A.

PY - 2019/8

Y1 - 2019/8

N2 - Comprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin-integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time-dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin-interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat-activated “stopwatches” that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near-field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time-stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time-dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.

AB - Comprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin-integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time-dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin-interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat-activated “stopwatches” that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near-field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time-stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time-dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.

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KW - galvanic cells

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KW - sweat sensing

KW - wireless electronics

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ER -

Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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