Abstract
This chapter addresses the interpretation of the sedimentary records of several common stable isotopes and their fractionation in natural systems. Of the 258 stable isotopes of the chemical elements, those with the atomic numbers 1-20, hydrogen through calcium, are the main chemical constituents of the atmosphere, continental and oceanic waters, sediments, and upper part of the crystalline continental and oceanic crust. The chapter deals with the isotopes of hydrogen (D/H) and oxygen (18O/16O) that occur in the global water cycle and are fractionated by a number of physical and chemical processes in the gas-liquid-solid H2O system, as well as in many mineral-water reactions in sediments; the isotopes of calcium (44Ca/40Ca) in the riverine input to the ocean and biogenic carbonates forming in ocean water; the isotopic fractionation of the elements essential to life, carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), and sulfur (34S/32S), that have produced variably extensive sedimentary records during Earth's history; and the occurrences of the boron isotopes (11B/10B) in the Earth's surface environment. In addition to the nonradiogenic stable isotopes mentioned, a section in this chapter is devoted to the radiogenic stable 40Ar because of its importance as a tracer of certain diagenetic processes in sedimentary clay minerals.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Sediments, Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rocks |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
Pages | 437-481 |
Number of pages | 45 |
Volume | 9 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780080983004 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2013 |
Funding
We also thank Fred T. Mackenzie, an anonymous reviewer, and Karl K. Turekian for reviews of an earlier version of this chapter and their constructive comments. This research was supported by NSF grant EAR-0223509 and the Arthur L. Howland Fund of the Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University. This is publication No. 206.301 of EOST (Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre), Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg.
Keywords
- Fractionation
- Geochemical cycles
- Sedimentary environment
- Stable isotopes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemistry
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences
- General Environmental Science