Successful anterior fusion following posterior cervical fusion for revision of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion pseudarthrosis

Benjamin D. Elder*, Eric W. Sankey, Debebe Theodros, Mohamad Bydon, C. Rory Goodwin, Sheng Fu Lo, Thomas A. Kosztowski, Allen J. Belzberg, Jean Paul Wolinsky, Daniel M. Sciubba, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Ali Bydon, Timothy F. Witham

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

28 Scopus citations

Abstract

Pseudarthrosis occurs after approximately 2-20% of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures; it is unclear if posterior or anterior revision should be pursued. In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the outcomes in 22 patients with pseudarthrosis following ACDF and revision via posterior cervical fusion (PCF). Baseline demographics, preoperative symptoms, operative data, time to fusion failure, symptoms of pseudarthrosis, and revision method were assessed. Fusion outcome and clinical outcome were determined at last follow-up (LFU). Thirteen females (59%) and 9 (41%) males experienced pseudarthrosis at a median of 11 (range: 3-151) months after ACDF. Median age at index surgery was 51 (range: 33-67) years. All patients with pseudarthrosis presented with progressive neck pain, with median visual analog scale (VAS) score of 8 (range: 0-10), and/or myeloradiculopathy. Patients with pseudarthrosis <12 months compared to >12 months after index surgery were older (p = 0.013), had more frequent preoperative neurological deficits (p = 0.064), and lower baseline VAS scores (p = 0.006). Fusion was successful after PCF in all patients, with median time to fusion of 10 (range: 2-14) months. Eighteen patients fused both anteriorly and posteriorly, two patients fused anteriorly only, and two patients fused posteriorly only. Median VAS neck score at LFU significantly improved from the time of pseudarthrosis (p = 0.012). While uncommon, pseudarthrosis may occur after ACDF. All patients achieved successful fusion after subsequent posterior cervical fusion, with 91% fusing a previous anterior pseudarthrosis after posterior stabilization. Neck pain significantly improved by LFU in the majority of patients in this study.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)57-62
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Clinical Neuroscience
Volume24
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1 2016

Funding

C. Rory Goodwin: Supported by the UNCF-Merck Postdoctoral Fellowship and an Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Ali Bydon: Recipient of a research grant from DePuy Spine and serves on the clinical advisory board of MedImmune, LLC. Timothy F. Witham: Recipient of a research grant from Eli Lilly and Company and research support from the Gordon and Marilyn Macklin Foundation.

Keywords

  • Adjacent segment disease
  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
  • Myelopathy
  • Neck pain
  • Posterior cervical fusion
  • Pseudarthrosis
  • Radiculopathy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Clinical Neurology
  • Neurology
  • Physiology (medical)
  • Surgery

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