Abstract
Sulfate ions present in soil, groundwater, seawater, decaying organic matter, acid rain, and industrial effluent adversely affect the long-term durability of portland cement concrete, but lack of complete understanding of the nature and consequences of sulfate attack hamper our ability to accurately predict performance of concrete in sulfate-rich environments. One impediment to improved understanding of sulfate deterioration of cement-based materials has been the lack of appropriate non-destructive characterization techniques. Laboratory x-ray microtomography affords an opportunity to study in situ the evolution of physical manifestations of damage due to sulfate exposure. The influence of materials selection and mixture parameters - including water-to-cement ratio, cement type, and presence or absence of aggregate, as well as the influence of sulfate exposure conditions, including sulfate and cation type (i.e., Na 2SO 4 and MgSO 4) and concentration - have been examined by microtomography to determine their influence on the rate and character of the sulfate-induced deterioration.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 47 |
Pages (from-to) | 442-452 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering |
Volume | 5535 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2004 |
Event | Developments in X-Ray Tomography IV - Denver, CO, United States Duration: Aug 4 2004 → Aug 6 2004 |
Keywords
- Cement
- Concrete
- Degradation
- Durability
- Microtomography
- Non-destructive
- Sulfate
- Tomography
- X-ray
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Computer Science Applications
- Applied Mathematics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering