Supervision in childhood injury cases: A reliable taxonomy

Karen E. Wills; Robert R. Tanz; Katherine K. Christoffel; Joseph L. Schofer; John V. Lavigne; Mark Donovan; Kristin Kalangis

doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00057-7

Supervision in childhood injury cases: A reliable taxonomy

Karen E. Wills^*, Robert R. Tanz, Katherine K. Christoffel, Joseph L. Schofer, John V. Lavigne, Mark Donovan, Kristin Kalangis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper describes the development of the "Chicago Children's Supervision Taxonomy" which operationally defines supervision based on the age of an injured child and the ages, familiarity, and proximity of that child's companions. The reliability, coverage, and utility of this taxonomy are illustrated by its application to 142 cases of urban childhood pedestrian injury. All cases were unambiguously classified with good interrater reliability. Most injured children were in unsupervised groups (42%) but 36% had supervisors nearby; thus, supervisor presence does not guarantee protection. Supervising more than one child (especially likely when the supervisor was a teenager) may increase injury risk compared with one-to-one supervision. The taxonomy provides a needed framework adaptable for describing direct supervision in most child injury situations and can facilitate studies of more complex aspects of supervision.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	133-137
Number of pages	5
Journal	Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume	29
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00057-7
State	Published - Jan 1997

Funding

Acknowledgements-The Kids ‘n’ Cars ResearchT eam( Children’s Memorial Hospital,C hicago,I L, U.S.A.) contributeds ignificantly to collecting,a nalyzing,a nd integratingt he data upon which this paperi s based.M emberso f this team,i n additiont o the authors, were Martha Barthel, Flavia Buergo, Jeffrey H. Jenq, Cecilia Klinger, SusanL eBailly, PatriciaM cGuire, Nancia Shawver,K im Stewart,a nd Barbara White. Penny Haney and Laura Kenealy (Loyola UniversityC hicago)a ssistedw ith reviewingt he literature on supervisiono f children.W e also appreciateth e commentso f three anonymousr eviewers.T his work was supportedu nder a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development( NIH # 5 ROI HD25412-05)a nd a Loyola UniversityC hicagoR esearchS upportG rant (#333-71-226).

Keywords

Child pedestrian
Injury prevention
Supervision

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Human Factors and Ergonomics
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Law

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00057-7

Cite this

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title = "Supervision in childhood injury cases: A reliable taxonomy",

abstract = "This paper describes the development of the {"}Chicago Children's Supervision Taxonomy{"} which operationally defines supervision based on the age of an injured child and the ages, familiarity, and proximity of that child's companions. The reliability, coverage, and utility of this taxonomy are illustrated by its application to 142 cases of urban childhood pedestrian injury. All cases were unambiguously classified with good interrater reliability. Most injured children were in unsupervised groups (42%) but 36% had supervisors nearby; thus, supervisor presence does not guarantee protection. Supervising more than one child (especially likely when the supervisor was a teenager) may increase injury risk compared with one-to-one supervision. The taxonomy provides a needed framework adaptable for describing direct supervision in most child injury situations and can facilitate studies of more complex aspects of supervision.",

keywords = "Child pedestrian, Injury prevention, Supervision",

author = "Wills, {Karen E.} and Tanz, {Robert R.} and Christoffel, {Katherine K.} and Schofer, {Joseph L.} and Lavigne, {John V.} and Mark Donovan and Kristin Kalangis",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements-The Kids {\textquoteleft}n{\textquoteright} Cars ResearchT eam( Children{\textquoteright}s Memorial Hospital,C hicago,I L, U.S.A.) contributeds ignificantly to collecting,a nalyzing,a nd integratingt he data upon which this paperi s based.M emberso f this team,i n additiont o the authors, were Martha Barthel, Flavia Buergo, Jeffrey H. Jenq, Cecilia Klinger, SusanL eBailly, PatriciaM cGuire, Nancia Shawver,K im Stewart,a nd Barbara White. Penny Haney and Laura Kenealy (Loyola UniversityC hicago)a ssistedw ith reviewingt he literature on supervisiono f children.W e also appreciateth e commentso f three anonymousr eviewers.T his work was supportedu nder a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development( NIH # 5 ROI HD25412-05)a nd a Loyola UniversityC hicagoR esearchS upportG rant (#333-71-226).",

year = "1997",

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doi = "10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00057-7",

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AU - Schofer, Joseph L.

AU - Lavigne, John V.

AU - Donovan, Mark

AU - Kalangis, Kristin

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N2 - This paper describes the development of the "Chicago Children's Supervision Taxonomy" which operationally defines supervision based on the age of an injured child and the ages, familiarity, and proximity of that child's companions. The reliability, coverage, and utility of this taxonomy are illustrated by its application to 142 cases of urban childhood pedestrian injury. All cases were unambiguously classified with good interrater reliability. Most injured children were in unsupervised groups (42%) but 36% had supervisors nearby; thus, supervisor presence does not guarantee protection. Supervising more than one child (especially likely when the supervisor was a teenager) may increase injury risk compared with one-to-one supervision. The taxonomy provides a needed framework adaptable for describing direct supervision in most child injury situations and can facilitate studies of more complex aspects of supervision.

AB - This paper describes the development of the "Chicago Children's Supervision Taxonomy" which operationally defines supervision based on the age of an injured child and the ages, familiarity, and proximity of that child's companions. The reliability, coverage, and utility of this taxonomy are illustrated by its application to 142 cases of urban childhood pedestrian injury. All cases were unambiguously classified with good interrater reliability. Most injured children were in unsupervised groups (42%) but 36% had supervisors nearby; thus, supervisor presence does not guarantee protection. Supervising more than one child (especially likely when the supervisor was a teenager) may increase injury risk compared with one-to-one supervision. The taxonomy provides a needed framework adaptable for describing direct supervision in most child injury situations and can facilitate studies of more complex aspects of supervision.

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KW - Injury prevention

KW - Supervision

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Supervision in childhood injury cases: A reliable taxonomy

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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