Synergistic sodiation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sodium-ion batteries

Qianqian Li; Jinsong Wu; Junming Xu; Vinayak P. Dravid

doi:10.1039/c6ta02051h

Synergistic sodiation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sodium-ion batteries

Qianqian Li, Jinsong Wu^*, Junming Xu, Vinayak P. Dravid

^*Corresponding author for this work

Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

Replacing lithium with sodium-ion batteries for energy storage is of enormous interest, especially from practical and economic considerations. However, it has proved difficult to achieve competitive figures of merit for sodium-ion batteries due to the lack of a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism(s). Herein, we report a sodium electrochemical conversion reaction with Co₃O₄ nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Co₃O₄/CNTs) utilizing in situ TEM, down to the atomic-scale. We observe synergetic effects of the two nanoscale components, which provide insights into a new sodiation mechanism, facilitated by Na-diffusion along a CNT backbone and CNT-Co₃O₄ interfaces. A thin layer of amorphous low conductivity Na₂O forms on the CNT surfaces at the beginning of sodiation. The conversion reaction results in the formation of ultrafine metallic Co nanoparticles and polycrystalline Na₂O, and fast diffusion of the reaction products which might be due to the quick migration of Na₂O under an electron beam. In the desodiation process, the dissociation of Na₂O and formation of Co₃O₄ due to the de-conversion reaction are observed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	8669-8675
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Volume	4
Issue number	22
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02051h
State	Published - 2016

Funding

This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DEAC02-06CH11357, and the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN). This work was also supported by the NUANCE Center, and made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Materials Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1039/c6ta02051h

Cite this

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title = "Synergistic sodiation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sodium-ion batteries",

abstract = "Replacing lithium with sodium-ion batteries for energy storage is of enormous interest, especially from practical and economic considerations. However, it has proved difficult to achieve competitive figures of merit for sodium-ion batteries due to the lack of a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism(s). Herein, we report a sodium electrochemical conversion reaction with Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Co3O4/CNTs) utilizing in situ TEM, down to the atomic-scale. We observe synergetic effects of the two nanoscale components, which provide insights into a new sodiation mechanism, facilitated by Na-diffusion along a CNT backbone and CNT-Co3O4 interfaces. A thin layer of amorphous low conductivity Na2O forms on the CNT surfaces at the beginning of sodiation. The conversion reaction results in the formation of ultrafine metallic Co nanoparticles and polycrystalline Na2O, and fast diffusion of the reaction products which might be due to the quick migration of Na2O under an electron beam. In the desodiation process, the dissociation of Na2O and formation of Co3O4 due to the de-conversion reaction are observed.",

author = "Qianqian Li and Jinsong Wu and Junming Xu and Dravid, {Vinayak P.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DEAC02-06CH11357, and the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN). This work was also supported by the NUANCE Center, and made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.",

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AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DEAC02-06CH11357, and the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN). This work was also supported by the NUANCE Center, and made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Replacing lithium with sodium-ion batteries for energy storage is of enormous interest, especially from practical and economic considerations. However, it has proved difficult to achieve competitive figures of merit for sodium-ion batteries due to the lack of a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism(s). Herein, we report a sodium electrochemical conversion reaction with Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Co3O4/CNTs) utilizing in situ TEM, down to the atomic-scale. We observe synergetic effects of the two nanoscale components, which provide insights into a new sodiation mechanism, facilitated by Na-diffusion along a CNT backbone and CNT-Co3O4 interfaces. A thin layer of amorphous low conductivity Na2O forms on the CNT surfaces at the beginning of sodiation. The conversion reaction results in the formation of ultrafine metallic Co nanoparticles and polycrystalline Na2O, and fast diffusion of the reaction products which might be due to the quick migration of Na2O under an electron beam. In the desodiation process, the dissociation of Na2O and formation of Co3O4 due to the de-conversion reaction are observed.

AB - Replacing lithium with sodium-ion batteries for energy storage is of enormous interest, especially from practical and economic considerations. However, it has proved difficult to achieve competitive figures of merit for sodium-ion batteries due to the lack of a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism(s). Herein, we report a sodium electrochemical conversion reaction with Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Co3O4/CNTs) utilizing in situ TEM, down to the atomic-scale. We observe synergetic effects of the two nanoscale components, which provide insights into a new sodiation mechanism, facilitated by Na-diffusion along a CNT backbone and CNT-Co3O4 interfaces. A thin layer of amorphous low conductivity Na2O forms on the CNT surfaces at the beginning of sodiation. The conversion reaction results in the formation of ultrafine metallic Co nanoparticles and polycrystalline Na2O, and fast diffusion of the reaction products which might be due to the quick migration of Na2O under an electron beam. In the desodiation process, the dissociation of Na2O and formation of Co3O4 due to the de-conversion reaction are observed.

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Synergistic sodiation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

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UN SDGs

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