TY - JOUR
T1 - Systematic review of the impact of a plant-based diet on prostate cancer incidence and outcomes
AU - Gupta, Natasha
AU - Patel, Hiten D.
AU - Taylor, Jacob
AU - Borin, James F.
AU - Jacobsohn, Kenneth
AU - Kenfield, Stacey A.
AU - Eggener, Scott E.
AU - Price, Carrie
AU - Davuluri, Meena
AU - Byrne, Nataliya
AU - Bivalacqua, Trinity J.
AU - Loeb, Stacy
N1 - Funding Information:
SAK is supported by the Helen Diller Family Chair in Population Science for Urologic Cancer, SL is supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the New York State Department of Health Prostate Cancer Pilot Research Grant, and a generous donation from Patricia and Michael Berns. NG is supported by grant 5T32HS026120–04 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the NYU Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant 5UL1TR001445. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Background: Plant-based diets are increasingly popular and have many well-established benefits for health and environmental sustainability. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of plant-based diets and prostate cancer. Methods: We performed a systematic database and citation search in February 2022. Studies were included if they reported primary data on plant-based dietary patterns (i.e., vegan, vegetarian, plant-based) and incidence among at-risk men for prostate cancer, or oncologic, general health/nutrition, or quality of life outcomes among patients with prostate cancer or caregivers. Results: A total of 32 publications were eligible for the qualitative synthesis, representing 5 interventional and 11 observational studies. Interventional studies primarily focused on lifestyle modification including plant-based diets for men on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer or with biochemical recurrence after treatment, showing improvements in short-term oncologic outcomes alongside improvements in general health and nutrition. Observational studies primarily focused on prostate cancer risk, showing either protective or null associations for plant-based dietary patterns. Studies of the vegan diet consistently showed favorable associations with risk and/or outcomes. Gaps in the current literature include impact for long-term disease-specific outcomes. Conclusions: Interventional studies showed generally favorable results of lifestyle modifications incorporating a plant-based diet with prostate cancer outcomes as well as improvements in nutrition and general health. Observational studies demonstrated either a lower risk of prostate cancer or no significant difference. These results are encouraging in light of the many benefits of plant-based diets for overall health, as well as environmental sustainability and animal welfare.
AB - Background: Plant-based diets are increasingly popular and have many well-established benefits for health and environmental sustainability. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of plant-based diets and prostate cancer. Methods: We performed a systematic database and citation search in February 2022. Studies were included if they reported primary data on plant-based dietary patterns (i.e., vegan, vegetarian, plant-based) and incidence among at-risk men for prostate cancer, or oncologic, general health/nutrition, or quality of life outcomes among patients with prostate cancer or caregivers. Results: A total of 32 publications were eligible for the qualitative synthesis, representing 5 interventional and 11 observational studies. Interventional studies primarily focused on lifestyle modification including plant-based diets for men on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer or with biochemical recurrence after treatment, showing improvements in short-term oncologic outcomes alongside improvements in general health and nutrition. Observational studies primarily focused on prostate cancer risk, showing either protective or null associations for plant-based dietary patterns. Studies of the vegan diet consistently showed favorable associations with risk and/or outcomes. Gaps in the current literature include impact for long-term disease-specific outcomes. Conclusions: Interventional studies showed generally favorable results of lifestyle modifications incorporating a plant-based diet with prostate cancer outcomes as well as improvements in nutrition and general health. Observational studies demonstrated either a lower risk of prostate cancer or no significant difference. These results are encouraging in light of the many benefits of plant-based diets for overall health, as well as environmental sustainability and animal welfare.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41391-022-00553-2
DO - 10.1038/s41391-022-00553-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35790788
AN - SCOPUS:85133424259
SN - 1365-7852
VL - 25
SP - 444
EP - 452
JO - Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
JF - Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
IS - 3
ER -