Abstract
The altered carbon assimilation pathway of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis results in an up to 80% higher water-use efficiency than C3 photosynthesis in plants making it a potentially useful pathway for engineering crop plants with improved drought tolerance. Here we surveyed detailed temporal (diel time course) and spatial (across a leaf gradient) gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the obligate CAM plant pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]. The high-resolution transcriptome atlas allowed us to distinguish between CAM-related and non-CAM gene copies. A differential gene co-expression network across green and white leaf diel datasets identified genes with circadian oscillation, CAM-related functions, and source-sink relations. Gene co-expression clusters containing CAM pathway genes are enriched with clock-associated cis-elements, suggesting circadian regulation of CAM. About 20% of pineapple microRNAs have diel expression patterns, with several that target key CAM-related genes. Expression and physiology data provide a model for CAM-specific carbohydrate flux and long-distance hexose transport. Together these resources provide a list of candidate genes for targeted engineering of CAM into C3 photosynthesis crop species.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 19-30 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Plant Journal |
Volume | 92 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2017 |
Funding
Gene family expansion was previously proposed as the driver of CAM pathway evolution through neofunctional-ization of newly duplicated gene copies (Silvera et al., 2010; Cai et al., 2014). Pineapple has a normal number of CAM pathway genes, carbohydrate, transporters and stomatal movement genes compared with other CAM, C3, and C4 photosynthesis species (Ming et al., 2015). Thus, CAM in pineapple has probably evolved through the regulatory neofunctionalization of pre-existing gene copies, this hypothesis is supported by enriched clock-associated cis-regulatory regions in key CAM pathway genes. This finding suggests that CAM activity could be engineered through the reprogramming of regulatory regions of pre-existing C3 genes that govern nocturnal CO2 uptake and fixation and cognate stomatal movement genes to shift stomatal opening to the night-time.
Keywords
- Ananas comosus
- CAM photosynthesis
- circadian regulation
- cis-element
- stomata
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Genetics
- Plant Science
- Cell Biology