Ten-year incidence of elevated blood pressure and its predictors: The CARDIA Study

Alan R. Dyer*, K. Liu, M. Walsh, C. Kiefe, D. R. Jacobs, D. E. Bild

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

209 Scopus citations

Abstract

Few prospective studies have examined associations of lifestyle factors or variables in the insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) with incidence of elevated blood pressure (BP) in black subjects and women. This report estimates the 10-year incidence of high blood pressure (HBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP) in the biracial cohort of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study (CARDIA), and examines lifestyle factors and four syndrome X variables, measured at baseline, as predictors. CARDIA examined 5115 black and white men and women aged 18-30 years in 1985-1986, and re-examined them at 2, 5, 7, and 10 years. The 10-year incidence of HBP was 16.4% in black men, 7.8% in white men, 13.1% in black women, and 3.2% in white women, while the 10-year incidence of HBP or HNBP was 29.5%, 16.2%, 19.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, in the four sex-race subgroups. Predictors included body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, alcohol intake, pulse rate, cigarette smoking, education, fasting insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as age and systolic BP. In univariate analyses, each of these variables was significantly related to incidence in at least one of the four sex-race groups. In multivariate analyses that included control for age and systolic pressure, independent predictors included fasting insulin in white men and women, triglycerides in white men, uric acid and pulse rate in black men, waist circumference in white men and black women, and education (inverse) in white men and black and white women. These results suggest that lower socioeconomic status, as assessed by education level, and one or more syndrome X variables, ie, fasting insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, may be associated with development of elevated BP in young adults.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)13-21
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of human hypertension
Volume13
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1999

Funding

This study was supported by Contracts NO1-HC-48047, NO1-HC-48048, NO1-HC-48049, and NO1-HC-48050 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Keywords

  • Blood pressure
  • Insulin
  • Obesity
  • Prospective study
  • Triglycerides
  • Uric acid

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine

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