The comparative study of memory

Consideration is given to different reasons for using animals in research and to problems in making species comparisons. Particular attention is given to studies of processes such as memory which are not directly observed. It is argued that comparisons made in the context of a theory of performance are most fruitful. Finally an experiment is described showing that it was probably premature to conclude that memory is fundamentally different in bird and Man since monkeys display either bird-like or Man-like memory depending on minor changes in the experimental paradigm.