The design risks framework: Understanding metacognition for iteration

Spencer E. Carlson; Daniel George Rees Lewis; Leesha V. Maliakal; Elizabeth M. Gerber; Matthew W. Easterday

doi:10.1016/j.destud.2020.100961

The design risks framework: Understanding metacognition for iteration

Spencer E. Carlson^*, Daniel George Rees Lewis, Leesha V. Maliakal, Elizabeth M. Gerber, Matthew W. Easterday

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Iteration is an important design process that novice designers struggle to follow. However, iteration is difficult to coach because we do not understand the underlying metacognitive knowledge required for effective iteration. We developed the Design Risks Framework, which helps researchers to identify the knowledge underlying three metacognitive processes that control iteration: focusing attention on key areas of the project, identifying project risks, and choosing iterative strategies to mitigate risks. We tested the framework over a 6-week period with 5 novice design teams and found that novices seemed to lack metacognitive knowledge of 49 criteria for identifying project risks. By using this framework to diagnose knowledge gaps and design coaching interventions, educators and managers can improve how novice designers iterate in design projects.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	100961
Journal	Design Studies
Volume	70
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2020.100961
State	Published - Sep 2020

Funding

We thank Bruce Sherin, Kristine Lu, Eureka Foong, Jamie Gorson, and the Delta Lab for feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. We are grateful to Alex Sher for supporting the project. This work was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation grants IIS-1530883 and IIS-1320693 .

Keywords

design cognition
design knowledge
design metacognition
design process
reasoning

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Architecture
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
General Engineering
General Social Sciences
Computer Science Applications
Artificial Intelligence

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10.1016/j.destud.2020.100961

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The design risks framework: Understanding metacognition for iteration

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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